Reproductive Health MCQ Class 12

B. Reproductive Health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), reproductive health encompasses not only the physical but also the emotional and social aspects of reproduction.

B. Financial stability. WHO defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes.

B. It includes the emotional and social aspects of reproduction. While the basic understanding of reproductive health pertains to the well-being of physical reproductive organs, it also encompasses the emotional and social aspects.

C. Promoting the use of traditional methods of contraception. The RCH programmes are aimed at creating awareness about various reproduction-related aspects and providing support for building a reproductively healthy society. They do not specifically promote traditional methods of contraception.

B. They should provide accurate information about sex-related aspects to young people. Parents and teachers play a crucial role in disseminating information about reproductive health, including educating young people about safe sexual practices and dispelling myths and misconceptions.

C. It provides accurate information about reproductive organs, adolescence, and related changes. Sex education in schools is important for providing young people with the right information about sexual health, preventing them from believing in myths and misconceptions, and promoting responsible behavior.

C. Increased rates of sexually transmitted diseases. Educating people about reproductive health leads to better awareness, improved care for mothers and children, and the promotion of gender equality. It does not lead to increased rates of STDs.

A. Uncontrolled population growth and sex-related crimes. Awareness of the problems due to uncontrolled population growth and sex-related crimes needs to be created to enable people to take preventive steps.

C. They are essential for providing medical assistance and care to people with reproduction-related problems. Strong infrastructural facilities are essential to provide medical support and care to people facing reproduction-related problems like pregnancy, delivery, STDs, abortions, contraception, menstrual problems, infertility, etc.

B. A prenatal diagnostic procedure. Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used primarily for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections.

C. To prevent illegal female foeticides. The statutory ban aims to curb the unethical practice of sex-selective abortions.

C. A new oral contraceptive for females. ‘Saheli’ is a non-steroidal oral contraceptive pill developed by Indian scientists.

A. Increased maternal and infant mortality rates. Improved reproductive health is indicated by a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rates, not an increase.

B. Approximately 350 million. The population of India was around 350 million in 1947.

C. Counselling and creating awareness among people about reproductive organs, adolescence, and associated changes. Creating awareness about reproductive organs, adolescence and associated changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including AIDS, etc., is the primary step towards reproductive health.

B. Reproductive Health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), reproductive health encompasses not only the physical but also the emotional and social aspects of reproduction.

B. Financial stability. WHO defines reproductive health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes.

B. It includes the emotional and social aspects of reproduction. While the basic understanding of reproductive health pertains to the well-being of physical reproductive organs, it also encompasses the emotional and social aspects.

C. Promoting the use of traditional methods of contraception. The RCH programmes are aimed at creating awareness about various reproduction-related aspects and providing support for building a reproductively healthy society. They do not specifically promote traditional methods of contraception.

B. They should provide accurate information about sex-related aspects to young people. Parents and teachers play a crucial role in disseminating information about reproductive health, including educating young people about safe sexual practices and dispelling myths and misconceptions.

C. It provides accurate information about reproductive organs, adolescence, and related changes. Sex education in schools is important for providing young people with the right information about sexual health, preventing them from believing in myths and misconceptions, and promoting responsible behavior.

C. Increased rates of sexually transmitted diseases. Educating people about reproductive health leads to better awareness, improved care for mothers and children, and the promotion of gender equality. It does not lead to increased rates of STDs.

A. Uncontrolled population growth and sex-related crimes. Awareness of the problems due to uncontrolled population growth and sex-related crimes needs to be created to enable people to take preventive steps.

C. They are essential for providing medical assistance and care to people with reproduction-related problems. Strong infrastructural facilities are essential to provide medical support and care to people facing reproduction-related problems like pregnancy, delivery, STDs, abortions, contraception, menstrual problems, infertility, etc.

B. A prenatal diagnostic procedure. Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used primarily for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections.

D. All of the above. Rapid increase in population is primarily attributed to increased health facilities and better living conditions leading to a decline in death rate, maternal mortality rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR), and an increase in the number of people in the reproductive age group.

B. 1 billion. The world population was around 1 billion in 1900.

C. 7 billion. The world population has crossed 7 billion. (Note: As of late 2022, the world population surpassed 8 billion. This answer reflects the source material’s date.)

C. Increased poverty. Poverty is not a direct cause of rapid population growth. Improved healthcare, lack of education, and a decline in death rate contribute to population growth.

A. 1.64%. The 2011 census report shows a population growth rate of 1.64%.

B. Depletion of natural resources. An alarming population growth rate can lead to a strain on resources, environmental degradation, and social problems.

B. To create awareness about reproduction-related aspects. The RCH programmes aim to provide education and services related to reproductive health and family planning.

C. Antibiotics. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are not a form of contraception.

C. It should be user-friendly and easily available. An ideal contraceptive should be effective, reversible, user-friendly, with no or minimal side effects, and easily available.

C. Periodic abstinence. Periodic abstinence (natural method) is a method of avoiding coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected.

B. Diaphragms. Barrier methods prevent physical meeting of sperm and ovum.

B. An intrauterine device. IUDs are devices inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus through the vagina.

C. Copper-T. Copper-T is an IUD, not an oral contraceptive. (Note: Progestasert is also an IUD, not an oral contraceptive. The question might be flawed in the source). Assuming the intended answer based on common knowledge, Copper-T is definitively an IUD.

C. Depo-Provera. Injectable contraceptives are administered once every three months. Implants are also a hormonal method but are placed under the skin, not injected periodically.

C. Tubectomy. Surgical methods block gamete transport and thereby prevent conception.

C. Intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term. MTP is the medical procedure for induced abortion.

B. 45-50 million. Globally, nearly 45 to 50 million MTPs are performed each year.

B. 1971. MTP was legalized in India in 1971 with strict conditions to avoid its misuse.

D. All of the above. MTP is performed for various reasons, including unwanted pregnancies, health risks to the mother or fetus, and in cases of sexual assault.

C. 12 weeks. MTP is considered safe during the first trimester, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. (Note: Later term MTPs are possible under specific legal conditions but carry higher risks).

D. All of the above. Illegal abortions, often performed by unqualified individuals, carry significant health risks, including infertility, infection, and hemorrhage.

A. To determine the sex of the fetus for the purpose of sex-selective abortion. Amniocentesis is misused to identify the sex of the fetus, leading to illegal sex-selective abortions.

D. All of the above. Unprotected sexual intercourse can lead to various consequences, including unwanted pregnancy, STIs, and emotional and psychological issues.

D. All of the above. Illegal abortions pose serious health risks, are against the law in many places, and can have lasting emotional and psychological impacts.

D. All of the above. Addressing the issue of illegal abortions requires a multi-pronged approach, including access to safe abortion, sex education, and contraception.

B. To terminate unwanted pregnancies safely. MTP aims to provide a safe and legal option for women to terminate pregnancies when necessary.

C. MTP is a form of contraception. MTP is not a contraceptive method; it is a procedure to terminate an existing pregnancy.

D. All of the above. Unsafe abortions can lead to various complications, including infertility, future pregnancy complications, and infections.

B. To provide information about the procedure, risks, and alternatives. Counseling helps women make informed decisions about MTP and provides emotional support.

B. MTP is legal in India up to 20 weeks of pregnancy under specific circumstances (with recent amendments allowing up to 24 weeks for specific cases). The MTP Act in India provides a legal framework for safe and legal abortions.

D. All of the above. The MTP Act is a crucial step towards ensuring safe and legal abortion services in India.

D. All of the above. Despite the MTP Act, various challenges hinder access to safe abortion services.

D. All of the above. Healthcare providers play a vital role in providing safe and supportive MTP services.

D. All of the above. Preventing the need for MTP involves a combination of education, access to contraception, and empowering women.

C. To empower individuals and couples to make informed choices about their reproductive lives. While promoting safe motherhood and child health (B) is a part of it, the overarching goal is empowerment and informed choice.

A. Infections caused by bacteria or viruses that are primarily transmitted through sexual contact. STIs are infections that spread primarily through sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.

D. Malaria. Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease, not a sexually transmitted infection.

D. All of the above. STIs can be transmitted through various ways, including sexual contact, sharing needles, and mother-to-child transmission.

B. No, some STIs are viral and cannot be cured, but their symptoms can be managed. While bacterial STIs can be treated with antibiotics, viral STIs like HIV and herpes are not curable but manageable.

D. All of the above. STIs can present with a range of symptoms, including those mentioned, or be asymptomatic.

D. All of the above. Early detection and treatment of STIs are crucial to prevent complications, transmission, and long-term health issues.

D. All of the above. Untreated STIs can lead to serious health problems, including PID, infertility, and increased cancer risk.

B. 15-24 years old. Young people are particularly vulnerable to STIs due to various factors, including risky sexual behaviors.

D. All of the above. STI prevention involves a combination of responsible sexual behavior, safe sex practices, and regular testing.

D. All of the above. Education plays a vital role in STI prevention by increasing awareness, promoting safe sex, and reducing stigma.

D. All of the above. STIs have a significant impact on reproductive health, leading to various complications.

A. STIs can only be transmitted through sexual intercourse. This is a myth; STIs can also be transmitted through other means, such as sharing needles or from mother to child.

B. Condoms reduce the risk of STI transmission. While not 100% effective, condoms significantly reduce the risk of STI transmission when used correctly and consistently.

D. All of the above. Regular STI testing is crucial for early detection, treatment, and prevention of transmission.

B. Stigma prevents people from seeking testing and treatment. Stigma associated with STIs can be a major barrier to seeking healthcare.

D. All of the above. Healthcare providers play a crucial role in STI prevention and control through education, testing, and treatment.

B. Partner notification helps ensure that all sexual partners are tested and treated. Partner notification is essential to prevent the further spread of STIs.

D. Both B and C. STIs have significant public health implications, including increased healthcare costs and potential long-term disability.

D. Both B and C. Research plays a vital role in developing better tools and strategies for STI control.

B. The global strategy focuses on prevention, testing, and treatment. The global strategy for STI control emphasizes a comprehensive approach, including prevention, testing, and treatment.

A. The inability to conceive a child after one year (or sometimes defined as two years) of regular, unprotected intercourse. Infertility is the inability to achieve pregnancy after a certain period of regular, unprotected sex.

D. All of the above. Infertility can be caused by a variety of factors affecting either or both partners.

A. Medical procedures used to treat infertility. ART encompasses various techniques used to handle eggs and/or sperm outside the body to help infertile couples achieve pregnancy.

B. A procedure where fertilization occurs outside the body and the embryo is transferred to the uterus. IVF involves fertilizing an egg with sperm in a laboratory (‘in vitro’) and transferring the resulting embryo(s) to the uterus.

A. A procedure where sperm is directly injected into the uterus. IUI involves placing specially prepared sperm directly into the uterus around the time of ovulation to increase the chances of fertilization.

D. All of the above. These are alternative ART techniques with specific applications depending on the cause of infertility. ICSI is often used in conjunction with IVF.

D. All of the above. ART procedures have limitations, including cost, variable success rates, and potential physical and emotional tolls.

D. All of the above. Infertility and ART can have a significant impact on individuals and couples emotionally and socially.

D. All of the above. Counseling is an important component of infertility treatment, providing support, information, and helping navigate complex decisions.

D. All of the above. Couples have various options besides ART, including adoption or choosing to remain childless. Surrogacy is another option but usually involves ART procedures.

B. The success rate of ART procedures varies depending on several factors. The success of ART depends on factors like the age of the woman, cause of infertility, specific technique used, and the clinic’s expertise.

D. All of the above. ART raises various ethical questions concerning donors, multiple births, embryo status, and access that individuals and society need to consider.

B. Legislation helps protect the rights and welfare of individuals undergoing ART. Laws and guidelines are necessary in many jurisdictions to ensure ethical and safe practices in ART.

D. Both B and C. Infertility can have significant emotional, psychological, and social consequences for individuals and couples.

B. Support groups provide a space for individuals and couples to share their experiences and connect with others. Support groups can offer valuable emotional and social support and reduce feelings of isolation for those facing infertility.

B. Cultural and religious beliefs can shape attitudes towards infertility and the acceptability of ART. Different cultures and religions have varying perspectives on infertility and the use of ART.

D. Both B and C. Education plays a crucial role in raising awareness about infertility, prevention strategies, and promoting healthy behaviors.

B. Research is ongoing to improve the success rates and safety of ART procedures. The field of ART is constantly evolving with ongoing research into areas like genetics, cryopreservation, and implantation.

A. To help individuals and couples achieve their dream of parenthood. Infertility treatment aims to diagnose and treat the underlying causes of infertility to support individuals and couples in fulfilling their desire to have children.

C. Infertility is a medical condition that can be addressed with appropriate support and treatment. It is essential to remember that infertility is a common medical issue, not a personal failing, and various options are available for support and treatment.