Mineral and Energy Resources Class 12 MCQ. Best 100 Multiple Choice Questions on Mineral and Energy Resources Class 12 Geography. Types of Mineral Resources. Distribution of Minerals in India. Detailed Study of Minerals. Conservation of Mineral Resources.
Mineral and Energy Resources Class 12 MCQ
I. Introduction – Mineral and Energy Resources Class 12 MCQ
Question 1: What is a mineral?
A. A naturally occurring substance with definite chemical and physical properties.
B. A man-made substance used in industries.
C. A type of rock found only in mountains.
D. A renewable resource used for energy.
Question 2: Why are mineral resources crucial for industrial development?
A. They provide the raw materials needed for various industries.
B. They are a renewable source of energy.
C. They are evenly distributed across all regions.
D. They have no impact on the environment.
Question 3: Which region in India is largely devoid of minerals of economic use?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The vast alluvial plain tract of North India
D. The Himalayan Belt
II. Types of Mineral Resources
Question 4: Which of the following is NOT a metallic mineral?
A. Iron ore
B. Copper
C. Coal
D. Bauxite
Question 5: Which of these is a ferrous mineral?
A. Iron ore
B. Bauxite
C. Copper
D. Limestone
Question 6: Which of the following is used in the manufacturing of aluminum?
A. Bauxite
B. Copper
C. Iron ore
D. Manganese
Question 7: Which mineral is primarily used in the electrical and electronics industries due to its ability to be split into thin, flexible sheets?
A. Mica
B. Limestone
C. Graphite
D. Coal
Question 8: Which of the following is an organic, non-metallic mineral?
A. Coal
B. Limestone
C. Graphite
D. Mica
Question 9: Which characteristic describes the distribution of minerals?
A. Evenly distributed
B. Unevenly distributed
C. Concentrated only in coastal areas
D. Found only in river valleys
Question 10: What is the relationship between the quality and quantity of minerals?
A. Direct relationship (higher quality, higher quantity)
B. Inverse relationship (higher quality, lower quantity)
C. No relationship
D. Quality and quantity are always equal
Question 11: Which statement is true about the nature of minerals?
A. They are renewable resources.
B. They are inexhaustible.
C. They are exhaustible over time.
D. They can be replenished quickly.
Question 12: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of minerals?
A. Uneven distribution
B. Exhaustible nature
C. Renewable resource
D. Inverse relationship between quality and quantity
Question 13: Which of the following is a ferrous metal used in the production of steel and other alloys?
A. Manganese
B. Bauxite
C. Copper
D. Mica
Question 14: Which of the following is a non-ferrous metal essential for the electrical industry?
A. Copper
B. Iron ore
C. Chromite
D. Manganese
Question 15: Which of the following is an inorganic, non-metallic mineral used in various industries, including refractories, construction, and agriculture?
A. Limestone
B. Coal
C. Petroleum
D. Natural gas
Question 16: Which of the following is an organic, non-metallic mineral primarily used as a fuel and in the production of chemicals?
A. Coal
B. Limestone
C. Graphite
D. Mica
Question 17: Which of the following is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms and is a crucial source of energy?
A. Petroleum
B. Coal
C. Natural gas
D. Mica
Question 18: Which of the following is a hydrocarbon gas often found alongside petroleum deposits and used as a clean fuel and in various industrial processes?
A. Natural gas
B. Coal
C. Petroleum
D. Limestone
Question 19: Which of the following is NOT a type of metallic mineral?
A. Ferrous
B. Non-ferrous
C. Organic
D. None of the above
Question 20: Which of the following is an example of a non-metallic mineral used in construction?
A. Limestone
B. Iron ore
C. Bauxite
D. Copper
Question 21: Which of the following is a key characteristic of minerals that necessitates careful management and utilization?
A. Exhaustible nature
B. Renewable nature
C. Uniform distribution
D. Unlimited availability
Question 22: Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the quality and quantity of mineral resources?
A. High-quality mineral deposits are typically more abundant.
B. Low-quality mineral deposits are generally scarcer.
C. There is no correlation between the quality and quantity of mineral resources.
D. High-quality mineral deposits are often less abundant than lower-quality ones.
Question 23: Which of the following is a significant challenge associated with the distribution of mineral resources?
A. They are evenly distributed across all regions.
B. They are concentrated in specific geological formations, leading to uneven access and potential conflicts.
C. They are readily available in all countries, eliminating the need for international trade.
D. Their distribution has no impact on economic development or geopolitical relations.
Question 24: Which of the following is a critical aspect of sustainable development in the context of mineral resources?
A. Maximizing extraction rates to meet immediate demands.
B. Ignoring environmental concerns to prioritize economic growth.
C. Balancing economic development with environmental protection and ensuring resource availability for future generations.
D. Relying solely on non-renewable mineral resources.
III. Distribution of Minerals in India
Question 25: Which mineral belt in India is known for its rich deposits of iron ore, coal, manganese, and bauxite?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 26: Which mineral belt is rich in ferrous metals and bauxite but lacks significant coal deposits?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 27: Which region is known for its petroleum deposits and rich sources of salt?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 28: Which mineral belt is associated with the Aravali mountain range and is known for its copper and zinc deposits?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 29: Which mineral belt is known for the occurrence of copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, and tungsten?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 30: Which region in India is a significant producer of mineral oil?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. Assam Valley
Question 31: Where are the major iron and steel industries located in India and why?
A. North-Eastern Plateau Region, due to the proximity of iron ore and coal deposits
B. South-Western Plateau Region, due to the abundance of bauxite
C. North-Western Region, due to the availability of petroleum
D. Himalayan Belt, due to the presence of copper and lead
Question 32: Which state is known for its extensive deposits of monazite and thorium?
A. Kerala
B. Karnataka
C. Goa
D. Rajasthan
Question 33: Which state is the leading producer of bauxite in India?
A. Odisha
B. Jharkhand
C. Gujarat
D. Madhya Pradesh
Question 34: Which region in India is known for its high-grade iron ore deposits?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 35: Which state is NOT a significant producer of manganese in India?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Odisha
C. Karnataka
D. Kerala
Question 36: Which state is known for its petroleum deposits in the Ankaleshwar and Kalol oil fields?
A. Gujarat
B. Rajasthan
C. Maharashtra
D. Assam
Question 37: Which region is associated with the Dharwar system of rocks and contains minerals like copper and zinc?
A. The North-Eastern Plateau Region
B. The South-Western Plateau Region
C. The North-Western Region
D. The Himalayan Belt
Question 38: Which of the following states is NOT located in the North-Eastern Plateau Region?
A. Jharkhand
B. Odisha
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Karnataka
IV. Detailed Study of Minerals
Question 39: Which two main types of iron ore are found in India?
A. Hematite and magnetite
B. Bauxite and copper
C. Coal and lignite
D. Mica and limestone
Question 40: Which state accounts for the largest share of India’s iron ore reserves?
A. Odisha
B. Jharkhand
C. Chhattisgarh
D. Karnataka
Question 41: In which district of Jharkhand are major copper deposits found?
A. Singhbhum
B. Dhanbad
C. Hazaribagh
D. Ranchi
Question 42: Which state is the leading producer of manganese in India?
A. Madhya Pradesh
B. Odisha
C. Karnataka
D. Maharashtra
Question 43: Which geological formation is primarily associated with manganese deposits in India?
A. Dharwar system
B. Gondwana system
C. Tertiary deposits
D. Quaternary deposits
Question 44: Which state is NOT a major producer of bauxite in India?
A. Odisha
B. Jharkhand
C. Gujarat
D. Rajasthan
Question 45: Which rock type is bauxite mainly associated with?
A. Laterite
B. Granite
C. Sandstone
D. Limestone
Question 46: Which of the following is NOT a major use of copper?
A. Electrical industry
B. Construction
C. Jewelry
D. Manufacturing of fertilizers
Question 47: Which state is known for producing high-quality mica?
A. Jharkhand
B. Andhra Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Tamil Nadu
Question 48: Which industry is the primary consumer of mica?
A. Electrical and electronics industry
B. Construction industry
C. Automobile industry
D. Textile industry
Question 49: Which of the following is NOT a major mica-producing state in India?
A. Jharkhand
B. Andhra Pradesh
C. Rajasthan
D. Kerala
Question 50: Which mineral is used in the manufacturing of aluminum?
A. Bauxite
B. Copper
C. Iron ore
D. Manganese
Question 51: Which mineral is an important raw material for smelting iron ore and manufacturing ferroalloys?
A. Manganese
B. Bauxite
C. Copper
D. Mica
Question 52: Which mineral is primarily used in the electrical and electronics industries due to its unique properties?
A. Mica
B. Limestone
C. Graphite
D. Coal
V. Energy Resources – Mineral and Energy Resources Class 12 MCQ
Question 53: Which of the following is NOT a conventional source of energy?
A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Natural gas
D. Solar energy
Question 54: Which type of coal accounts for the majority of India’s coal deposits?
A. Bituminous
B. Anthracite
C. Lignite
D. Peat
Question 55: Which geological ages are associated with coal deposits in India?
A. Gondwana and Tertiary
B. Jurassic and Cretaceous
C. Paleozoic and Mesozoic
D. Precambrian and Cambrian
Question 56: Which river valley is associated with the major Gondwana coal fields in India?
A. Damodar Valley
B. Ganga Valley
C. Brahmaputra Valley
D. Godavari Valley
Question 57: Which of the following is NOT a major coal mining center in India?
A. Singrauli
B. Korba
C. Talcher
D. Jaipur
Question 58: Which type of coal is found in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu and Gujarat?
A. Lignite
B. Bituminous
C. Anthracite
D. Peat
Question 59: Where is crude petroleum typically found?
A. Igneous rocks
B. Metamorphic rocks
C. Sedimentary rocks
D. Volcanic rocks
Question 60: When was the Oil and Natural Gas Commission established in India?
A. 1947
B. 1956
C. 1962
D. 1973
Question 61: Which of the following is NOT a major oil-producing area in Assam?
A. Digboi
B. Naharkatiya
C. Moran
D. Ankaleshwar
Question 62: Where is Mumbai High located?
A. On the coast of Maharashtra
B. In the Thar Desert
C. Offshore in the Arabian Sea
D. In the Bay of Bengal
Question 63: Which two types of oil refineries are present in India?
A. Field-based and market-based
B. Public and private
C. Onshore and offshore
D. Large-scale and small-scale
Question 64: Which of the following is a major use of natural gas?
A. Fuel in power generation
B. Raw material in the chemical industry
C. Domestic and industrial fuel
D. All of the above
Question 65: Where are India’s major natural gas reserves located?
A. Mumbai High and Cambay basin
B. Thar Desert
C. Deccan Plateau
D. Himalayan foothills
Question 66: Which minerals are used for generating nuclear energy?
A. Uranium and thorium
B. Coal and petroleum
C. Bauxite and copper
D. Mica and limestone
Question 67: Where are uranium deposits found in India?
A. Dharwar rocks
B. Gondwana rocks
C. Tertiary deposits
D. Alluvial plains
Question 68: Which state has the world’s richest monazite deposits?
A. Kerala
B. Tamil Nadu
C. Andhra Pradesh
D. Odisha
Question 69: Which of the following is NOT a major nuclear power project in India?
A. Tarapur
B. Rawatbhata
C. Kalpakkam
D. Singrauli
Question 70: Which technology converts sunlight directly into electricity?
A. Photovoltaics
B. Solar thermal
C. Wind energy
D. Geothermal energy
Question 71: Which regions in India have greater potential for solar energy development?
A. Gujarat and Rajasthan
B. Assam and Arunachal Pradesh
C. Kerala and Tamil Nadu
D. Punjab and Haryana
Question 72: How is wind energy converted into electricity?
A. Through turbines
B. Through solar panels
C. Through nuclear reactors
D. Through burning fossil fuels
Question 73: Which of the following is NOT a potential region for wind energy development in India?
A. Rajasthan
B. Gujarat
C. Maharashtra
D. Chhattisgarh
Question 74: Which form of energy utilizes the heat from the Earth’s interior?
A. Geothermal energy
B. Solar energy
C. Wind energy
D. Tidal energy
Question 75: Where is India’s first geothermal energy plant located?
A. Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh
B. Puga Valley, Ladakh
C. Cambay Basin, Gujarat
D. Koyna, Maharashtra
Question 76: What does bio-energy refer to?
A. Energy derived from fossil fuels
B. Energy derived from biological products
C. Energy derived from nuclear reactions
D. Energy derived from ocean waves
Question 77: Which project in Delhi focuses on converting municipal waste into energy?
A. Okhla project
B. Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Mission
C. National Biogas and Manure Management Programme
D. Integrated Watershed Management Programme
Question 78: Which of the following is NOT a benefit of bio-energy?
A. Reduces environmental pollution
B. Enhances self-reliance
C. Increases dependence on fossil fuels
D. Improves the economic life of rural areas
VI. Conservation of Mineral Resources
Question 79: Why is conservation of mineral resources important?
A. They are renewable resources.
B. They are evenly distributed.
C. They are exhaustible and essential for sustainable development.
D. They have no impact on the environment.
Question 80: What does sustainable development imply in the context of mineral resources?
A. Unrestricted extraction of minerals for immediate economic gains.
B. Balancing economic growth with environmental protection and resource conservation for future generations.
C. Focusing solely on non-renewable energy sources.
D. Ignoring the social and economic impacts of mining activities.
Question 81: Which of the following is NOT an example of an alternative energy source?
A. Solar power
B. Wind energy
C. Coal
D. Geothermal energy
Question 82: How can recycling contribute to the conservation of mineral resources?
A. By reducing the need for new mineral extraction
B. By increasing the demand for new mineral extraction
C. By depleting existing mineral reserves
D. By having no impact on resource conservation
Question 83: Which of the following is an example of resource substitution for conserving scarce minerals?
A. Using plastic instead of copper for electrical wiring
B. Using steel instead of aluminum for construction
C. Using coal instead of solar energy for power generation
D. Using petroleum instead of natural gas for industrial processes
Question 84: Why should the export of strategic and scarce minerals be reduced?
A. To increase dependence on imports
B. To deplete domestic reserves quickly
C. To ensure the availability of these minerals for a longer duration within the country
D. To promote international trade at any cost
Question 85: Which of the following is a key principle of sustainable development?
A. Prioritizing short-term economic gains over long-term environmental well-being
B. Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
C. Focusing solely on economic growth while neglecting social and environmental concerns
D. Exploiting natural resources without considering their finite nature
Question 86: Which of the following is a challenge in promoting sustainable mineral resource management?
A. Lack of awareness and education
B. Conflicting interests between economic development and environmental protection
C. Inadequate regulatory frameworks
D. The abundance and even distribution of mineral resources
Question 87: Which of the following practices promotes the conservation of mineral resources?
A. Over-reliance on non-renewable energy sources
B. Promoting wasteful consumption patterns
C. Encouraging recycling and reuse of materials
D. Discouraging the use of alternative energy sources
Question 88: Which of the following is a potential consequence of unsustainable mineral resource extraction?
A. Environmental degradation
B. Resource depletion
C. Social conflicts
D. All of the above
Question 89: Which of the following is an environmental concern associated with mining activities?
A. Deforestation
B. Water pollution
C. Air pollution
D. All of the above
Question 90: Which of the following is a social impact of mining?
A. Displacement of communities
B. Loss of livelihoods
C. Health hazards
D. All of the above
Question 91: Which of the following is a potential benefit of transitioning to renewable energy sources?
A. Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
B. Decreased air pollution
C. Increased energy security
D. All of the above
Question 92: Which of the following strategies can help extend the lifespan of mineral resources?
A. Increased consumption
B. Technological advancements in extraction
C. Improved resource efficiency and recycling
D. Exporting all strategic minerals
Question 93: Which of the following is a challenge in promoting sustainable mineral resource management?
A. Lack of awareness and education
B. Conflicting interests between economic development and environmental protection
C. Inadequate regulatory frameworks
D. All of the above
Question 94: Which of the following is an example of a conflict between economic development and environmental protection in the context of mineral resources?
A. Mining operations leading to deforestation and habitat destruction
B. Increased mining activities boosting local economies
C. Recycling initiatives reducing the need for new mineral extraction
D. Development of renewable energy sources reducing reliance on fossil fuels
Question 95: Which of the following stakeholders plays a crucial role in ensuring responsible mineral resource management?
A. Governments
B. Mining companies
C. Local communities
D. All of the above
Question 96: Which of the following is a potential consequence of exporting strategic and scarce minerals without considering domestic needs?
A. Increased self-sufficiency
B. Depletion of critical resources for future generations
C. Enhanced national security
D. Reduced dependence on imports
Question 97: Which of the following is NOT a step towards conserving mineral resources?
A. Promoting energy efficiency
B. Encouraging the use of disposable products
C. Supporting research and development of alternative materials
D. Implementing stricter environmental regulations for mining operations
Question 98: Which of the following is a potential economic benefit of recycling mineral resources?
A. Job creation in the recycling industry
B. Reduced import dependence
C. Cost savings compared to new mineral extraction
D. All of the above
Question 99: Which of the following is a key aspect of responsible mining practices?
A. Minimizing environmental impact
B. Ensuring the safety and well-being of workers
C. Engaging with and benefiting local communities
D. All of the above
Question 100: Which of the following is a potential challenge in implementing recycling initiatives?
A. Lack of infrastructure for collection and processing
B. Limited public awareness and participation
C. Economic viability of recycling certain materials
D. All of the above
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