International Organisations MCQ Class 12

Correct Answer: C. Cultural exchange and tourism. While some international organizations may indirectly support cultural exchange and tourism, their core focus is on global peace, security, development, and humanitarian assistance.

Correct Answer: C. Inability to prevent World War II. The League of Nations ultimately failed in its primary objective of preventing another world war, which led to its decline and eventual replacement by the United Nations.

Correct Answer: C. They are important but not always effective in resolving all issues. International organizations play a crucial role in addressing global challenges but they are not without limitations.

Correct Answer: D. To prevent international conflicts and wars. The League of Nations was formed in the aftermath of World War I with the main goal of preventing future wars.

Correct Answer: C. 1945. The United Nations was founded in 1945, immediately after the Second World War.

Correct Answer: B. World War I. The devastation of World War I prompted global efforts to establish an international organization dedicated to conflict prevention, leading to the creation of the League of Nations.

Correct Answer: A. Germany. The permanent members of the UN Security Council are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China.

Correct Answer: C. Maintaining international peace and security. The UN Security Council is primarily responsible for addressing threats to global peace and taking action to prevent or resolve conflicts.

Correct Answer: B. World peace. The UN emblem features a world map surrounded by olive branches, symbolizing world peace.

Correct Answer: C. 193. The UN had 193 member states as of 2011, encompassing nearly all independent nations.

Correct Answer: B. To discuss and debate global issues, with decisions typically requiring a two-thirds majority for major actions. The UN General Assembly is the main deliberative body where all member states have equal representation and discuss a wide range of global matters.

Correct Answer: C. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). ECOSOC coordinates the UN’s economic, social, and environmental initiatives, working with specialized agencies to address these challenges.

Correct Answer: B. Resolving legal disputes between states. The ICJ is the principal judicial organ of the UN, tasked with settling legal disputes submitted to it by member states.

Correct Answer: C. Secretariat. The Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, manages the day-to-day operations of the UN and provides support to other UN organs.

Correct Answer: C. António Guterres. António Guterres is the ninth and current Secretary-General of the UN, assuming office in 2017.

Correct Answer: C. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO is a military alliance and not part of the UN system. The WTO, IMF, and WHO are specialized agencies with specific mandates within the UN framework.

Correct Answer: C. Addressing global health issues. The WHO is the UN agency responsible for coordinating international efforts to combat diseases, promote health, and ensure the well-being of people worldwide.

Correct Answer: B. Promoting economic and social development in developing countries. UNDP works to eradicate poverty, reduce inequalities, and promote sustainable development, primarily in developing nations.

Correct Answer: B. United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). The UNHRC is the principal body within the UN system dedicated to promoting and protecting human rights globally.

Correct Answer: B. Protecting children’s rights and well-being. UNICEF focuses on providing humanitarian and developmental assistance to children worldwide, advocating for their rights and addressing their basic needs.

Correct Answer: D. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). UNESCO promotes international collaboration in education, science, culture, and communication to build peace and understanding among nations.

Correct Answer: C. Establishing a global military force. The UN Charter does not provide for the formation of a global military. Its focus is on collective security through cooperation among member states.

Correct Answer: B. To monitor ceasefires, protect civilians, and assist in peacebuilding. UN peacekeeping missions are deployed to conflict zones to help stabilize the situation, protect vulnerable populations, and support the transition to peace.

Correct Answer: C. Climate change. Climate change, with its far-reaching environmental and social impacts, is one of the most pressing global challenges the UN is actively working to address.

Correct Answer: A. A set of goals to eradicate poverty and hunger by 2015. The MDGs were a set of eight time-bound targets established by the UN in 2000 to address key development challenges, including poverty, hunger, education, and health.

Correct Answer: B. To end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all. The SDGs, adopted in 2015, are a comprehensive set of 17 goals aimed at addressing the interconnected challenges of poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and peace.

Correct Answer: C. Formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). NATO is a military alliance independent of the UN. The UN has established the Human Rights Council and the Peacebuilding Commission as part of its efforts to address global challenges.

Correct Answer: A. Promoting and protecting human rights. The Human Rights Council is the central UN body responsible for addressing human rights violations and promoting respect for human rights worldwide.

Correct Answer: B. Assisting countries in post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding. The Peacebuilding Commission supports countries emerging from conflict, helping them to rebuild institutions, promote reconciliation, and prevent relapse into violence.

Correct Answer: B. International Monetary Fund (IMF). The IMF monitors the global financial system, provides financial assistance to countries in need, and promotes international monetary cooperation.

Correct Answer: C. Overseeing the global financial system. The IMF’s core function is to maintain the stability of the international monetary system, including exchange rates and balance of payments.

Correct Answer: D. Its loan conditions often impose harsh economic reforms on developing nations. The IMF has been criticized for attaching stringent conditions to its loans, sometimes requiring countries to implement austerity measures or liberalize their economies, which can have negative social consequences.

Correct Answer: B. Promoting human development, infrastructure, and governance. The World Bank primarily provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries for projects aimed at poverty reduction, education, health, infrastructure, and good governance.

Correct Answer: B. They may lead to unsustainable debt burdens for developing countries. While World Bank loans aim to support development, concerns remain about the potential for these loans to create debt dependencies and impose economic burdens on recipient nations.

Correct Answer: A. Anti-corruption. The World Bank is involved in anti-corruption as part of its efforts to promote good governance and transparency in developing countries.

Correct Answer: B. 190. The IMF has 190 member countries, but their voting power is not equal and is influenced by factors such as economic size and contributions.

Correct Answer: B. USA. The USA holds the highest percentage of votes in the IMF (16.52%), reflecting its significant economic influence and contribution.

Correct Answer: A. G-7 members. The G-7 members (USA, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy, and Canada) collectively hold 41.29% of the votes in the IMF, giving them substantial influence over decision-making.

Correct Answer: C. Military aid and peacekeeping.

Correct Answer: D. Irrigation. The World Bank supports irrigation as part of its focus on agriculture and rural development, aiming to improve water resource management and enhance agricultural productivity.

Correct Answer: C. Setting rules for global trade. The WTO’s main role is to regulate international trade, ensuring that trade flows as smoothly, predictably, and freely as possible.

Correct Answer: B. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO evolved from the GATT, which was a set of rules governing international trade established after World War II. The WTO expanded on the GATT’s framework to create a more comprehensive system for regulating global trade.

Correct Answer: B. Unanimous consensus among all members. Decision-making in the WTO is based on consensus, meaning that all member countries must agree on a decision for it to be adopted. This ensures that the interests of all members, both large and small, are taken into account.

Correct Answer: C. The WTO’s decision-making processes are dominated by major economic powers. Developing countries often argue that the WTO’s consensus-based decision-making is influenced by the interests of powerful economies, leaving them at a disadvantage.

Correct Answer: C. Cuba. The major economic powers with significant influence in the WTO include the US, EU, and Japan. These economies have substantial leverage in shaping trade rules due to their market size and economic strength.

Correct Answer: D. 1995. The WTO was established in 1995, succeeding the GATT, to create a more robust and comprehensive system for regulating international trade.

Correct Answer: B. 164. As of July 2016, the WTO had 164 member countries, each with a voice in shaping global trade rules.

Correct Answer: B. The WTO generally advocates for the reduction or elimination of trade barriers to promote free and fair trade. The WTO’s core principle is to promote trade liberalization, which involves reducing or removing barriers to trade, such as tariffs and quotas, to facilitate the flow of goods and services between countries.

Correct Answer: B. Guaranteed economic equality with developed nations. While WTO membership can offer developing countries opportunities to participate in global trade and access new markets, it does not guarantee economic equality with developed nations. Economic development is influenced by a multitude of factors beyond trade policies.

Correct Answer: B. To resolve trade disputes between countries through a rules-based, transparent process. The WTO’s dispute settlement mechanism provides a forum for resolving trade disagreements between member countries. It aims to ensure that trade disputes are addressed fairly and transparently, based on the agreed-upon rules of the WTO.

Correct Answer: B. Promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy and preventing its use for military purposes. The IAEA’s core mandate is to foster the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology while working to prevent its diversion to military applications.

Correct Answer: C. Conducting inspections of nuclear facilities to ensure compliance with non-proliferation agreements. The IAEA plays a crucial role in verifying that countries are adhering to their commitments under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and other safeguards agreements. This involves regular inspections of nuclear sites to ensure that nuclear materials are not being used for weapons development.

Correct Answer: A. “Atoms for Peace” proposal by US President Dwight Eisenhower. The IAEA was created in response to President Eisenhower’s “Atoms for Peace” speech, which called for international cooperation in the peaceful development of nuclear energy.

Correct Answer: C. 1957. The IAEA was established in 1957 to promote the peaceful applications of nuclear technology and prevent its misuse for military purposes.

Correct Answer: D. Nuclear weapons development. The IAEA’s mandate is to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevent its diversion to weapons programs. It does not engage in nuclear weapons development.

Correct Answer: B. To verify that nuclear facilities are not being used for military purposes. The IAEA’s safeguards system is designed to ensure that countries are fulfilling their obligations under the NPT and other agreements by not diverting nuclear materials from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other explosive devices.

Correct Answer: A. The IAEA provides assistance and expertise to countries in responding to nuclear accidents and emergencies. The IAEA has a dedicated Incident and Emergency Centre (IEC) that provides support to countries in managing nuclear accidents and minimizing their consequences.

Correct Answer: B. The risk of nuclear proliferation and terrorism. The IAEA faces the ongoing challenge of preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and ensuring that nuclear materials are not acquired by non-state actors for malicious purposes.

Correct Answer: A. The IAEA actively promotes nuclear disarmament and works with member states to reduce nuclear arsenals. The IAEA supports international efforts toward nuclear disarmament and provides technical expertise to facilitate the safe and secure reduction of nuclear stockpiles.

Correct Answer: A. Access to nuclear technology for peaceful applications, such as power generation and medical treatments. The IAEA assists developing countries in utilizing nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, including electricity generation, medical diagnosis and treatment, and agricultural improvements.

Correct Answer: B. Campaigning for the protection of human rights worldwide. Amnesty International is a global human rights organization that works to expose and prevent human rights abuses.

Correct Answer: C. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, sets out fundamental human rights and freedoms that Amnesty International advocates for.

Correct Answer: C. Preparing and publishing reports on human rights conditions. Amnesty International conducts research and publishes reports on human rights situations in various countries, drawing attention to abuses and advocating for change.

Correct Answer: B. Governments often resist scrutiny and criticism of their human rights records. Amnesty International’s work in exposing human rights violations can sometimes lead to pushback from governments that are reluctant to acknowledge or address their human rights practices.

Correct Answer: C. Human rights are absolute and cannot be limited under any circumstances. While Amnesty International advocates for the respect of all human rights, it recognizes that some rights may be subject to limitations in certain circumstances, as provided for under international human rights law.

Correct Answer: B. The organization’s mandate extends to human rights protection worldwide, regardless of a country’s development status. Amnesty International’s mission is to campaign for human rights globally, irrespective of a country’s economic or political standing.

Correct Answer: C. Helping to build international coalitions, such as the campaigns to ban landmines and establish the International Criminal Court. Human Rights Watch has played a significant role in advocating for international justice and accountability by supporting the creation of institutions like the International Criminal Court and working to ban weapons that cause widespread human suffering.

Correct Answer: B. The organization focuses on research and advocacy to expose abuses and pressure governments to respect human rights. Human Rights Watch’s core strategy involves conducting in-depth investigations into human rights violations, publishing reports to raise awareness, and advocating for policy changes to address these abuses.

Correct Answer: B. It is overly influenced by Western perspectives and priorities. Human Rights Watch, while respected for its work, has been criticized for prioritizing certain human rights issues and regions over others, potentially reflecting a Western bias.

Correct Answer: B. Free trade and economic development. Human Rights Watch’s primary focus is on human rights issues, not economic matters. Its advocacy work centers on areas such as armed conflict, children’s rights, and women’s rights.

Correct Answer: B. To strengthen the UN’s ability to address global challenges and reflect contemporary realities. The UN reform agenda seeks to make the organization more effective, representative, and responsive to the evolving needs of the international community.

Correct Answer: B. Expanding the membership of the Security Council. A central element of the UN reform proposals is to expand the Security Council to include more permanent and non-permanent members, making it more representative of the current global landscape.

Correct Answer: C. Strict adherence to communist ideology. The criteria for new permanent members of the Security Council typically focus on factors such as economic strength, military capability, financial contributions to the UN, and respect for democratic principles.

Correct Answer: B. Some believe the veto power is undemocratic and should be abolished or reformed. The veto power held by the five permanent members of the Security Council is a subject of debate, with critics arguing that it undermines the principle of sovereign equality among nations.

Correct Answer: B. India supports the expansion of the Security Council to include more permanent and non-permanent members. India has consistently advocated for reforming the Security Council to better reflect the changing global power dynamics and increase the representation of developing countries.

Correct Answer: B. India possesses nuclear weapons capabilities. While India’s nuclear capabilities are a factor in its international standing, its primary arguments for a permanent seat on the Security Council center on its democratic values, economic strength, contributions to the UN, and large population.

Correct Answer: D. Africa and South America. The current permanent members of the UN Security Council (US, UK, France, Russia, China) represent North America, Europe, and Asia. Africa and South America lack representation at the permanent member level.

Correct Answer: B. India’s troubled relationship with Pakistan. Some countries express concerns that India’s complex relationship with Pakistan could hinder its effectiveness as a permanent member of the Security Council, potentially introducing regional tensions into the decision-making process.

Correct Answer: B. To better address contemporary global challenges and reflect the changing realities of world politics. The calls for UN reform stem from the recognition that the organization needs to adapt to the evolving global landscape, including the rise of new powers, emerging challenges, and the need for more equitable representation.

Correct Answer: A. Reaching consensus among member states with diverse interests and priorities. UN reforms require agreement among a large number of countries with varying perspectives and national interests, making it challenging to achieve consensus on specific changes.

Correct Answer: B. The collapse of the Soviet Union. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 marked the end of the Cold War and led to a unipolar world order with the United States as the sole superpower.

Correct Answer: C. United States. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States became the world’s leading economic and military power, ushering in an era of American dominance.

Correct Answer: C. Italy. While Italy is a significant European economy, the major rising powers reshaping the global landscape in the 21st century are primarily considered to be China, India, and Brazil.

Correct Answer: C. The spread of terrorism. The post-Cold War world has witnessed the rise of transnational terrorism, posing a complex security challenge for the international community.

Correct Answer: C. The re-emergence of the Cold War rivalry. While tensions exist between major powers, the primary global concerns facing the UN are not centered on a renewed Cold War but rather on issues such as climate change, pandemics, and environmental degradation.

Correct Answer: A. The potential for the US to impose its will on other countries without sufficient constraints. The absence of a rival superpower raises concerns about whether the US, in its dominant position, could act unilaterally without sufficient checks and balances from the international community.

Correct Answer: B. To serve as a platform for dialogue and cooperation between the US and the rest of the world. Even in a unipolar world, the UN remains a vital forum for multilateral discussions, allowing for the exchange of views and potential for shaping US policies through engagement with the broader international community.

Correct Answer: C. The US being the single largest financial contributor to the UN. The US holds significant sway within the UN due to its substantial financial contributions, giving it leverage in budgetary matters and influencing the organization’s priorities.

Correct Answer: C. By providing a space for challenging US policies and fostering compromises. The UN serves as a platform where alternative perspectives can be voiced, potentially influencing US positions through multilateral engagement and negotiations.

Correct Answer: B. The UN serves US interests by promoting American dominance without any constraints. While the US certainly benefits from its influential position within the UN, the organization also provides a mechanism for balancing US power through multilateral engagement and potential compromises.

Correct Answer: C. Its role as a universal platform for dialogue and cooperation among nations, even in a world with a dominant superpower. The UN’s value lies in its ability to bring together diverse nations to address shared concerns, even if it cannot always prevent conflicts or enforce its decisions. It remains a vital forum for international cooperation and diplomacy.

Correct Answer: A. Interdependence highlights the growing interconnectedness of societies and issues, making global cooperation even more critical. The increasing links between nations and the shared nature of global challenges underscore the importance of international cooperation through organizations like the UN.

Correct Answer: B. Technology will likely increase global interconnectedness, further emphasizing the need for international cooperation and the role of organizations like the UN. Technological advancements are expected to intensify global connections, making international cooperation even more essential for addressing shared challenges.

Correct Answer: B. They will likely remain vital but need to adapt to evolving global dynamics and technological advancements. International organizations are expected to maintain their importance in facilitating global cooperation but must evolve to address new challenges and reflect the changing needs of the international community.

Correct Answer: C. Countries should find ways to support and utilize international organizations in ways that align with their own interests and the broader global good. The future of international cooperation relies on countries finding ways to engage with and strengthen international organizations to address shared challenges while respecting national interests.

Correct Answer: B. UN peacekeeping operations are sometimes ineffective due to a lack of resources, political will, or clear mandates. While UN peacekeeping can be valuable, its effectiveness is often constrained by limited resources, insufficient political support from member states, and challenges in defining the scope of intervention.

Correct Answer: B. The UN’s actions are often constrained by the interests of powerful member states and the need to respect national sovereignty. The UN’s ability to prevent conflicts and intervene in humanitarian crises is limited by the need to balance its mandate with the sovereignty of individual nations and the influence of powerful states.

Correct Answer: D. The peaceful resolution of the East Timor crisis. The UN’s intervention in East Timor is considered a successful example of its role in facilitating peaceful transitions and resolving conflicts.

Correct Answer: A. The Rwandan genocide. The UN’s failure to prevent the 1994 Rwandan genocide is a stark reminder of its limitations in responding to mass atrocities and humanitarian crises.

Correct Answer: B. International organizations are facing challenges but remain essential for addressing global issues and fostering cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world. Despite their limitations, international organizations are crucial for facilitating dialogue, coordinating responses to global challenges, and promoting cooperation among nations in an increasingly interdependent world.