General Science 100 MCQ BPSC Exam

B. Acceleration. The acceleration due to gravity remains constant throughout the ball’s motion.

B. Newton (N). Newtons measure force, not pressure. Pressure is force per unit area.

B. The wood is less dense than water. Objects less dense than a fluid will float in that fluid.

C. They will hit the ground at the same time. Gravity accelerates all objects equally, regardless of mass.

B. Pascal’s Law. Pascal’s Law states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.

C. Copper. Metals are generally excellent conductors of heat.

B. The volume increases. This is described by Charles’s Law.

B. A hot air balloon rising. Convection involves heat transfer through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).

C. Radiation. Radiation can transfer heat through the vacuum of space, unlike conduction or convection.

B. Conservation of energy. The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed.

B. Frequency. Higher frequency corresponds to a higher pitch.

C. The relative motion between the source of sound and the observer. This relative motion causes a shift in the perceived frequency of the sound.

C. A vacuum. Sound waves require a medium (like air, water, or solids) to propagate.

B. Converges light rays. Convex lenses bring light rays together at a focal point.

B. Concave lens. Concave lenses diverge light rays, which helps to focus the image correctly on the retina for nearsighted individuals.

B. Red, green, blue. These are the additive primary colors of light.

B. Diffraction. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings.

B. To control the amount of light entering the eye. The iris adjusts the size of the pupil to regulate light entry.

C. Ohm. Resistance is measured in ohms.

A. Is the same at all points. In a series circuit, there is only one path for the current to flow.

B. It creates two magnets, each with a north and south pole. You cannot isolate a north or south pole.

A. Generating electricity from magnetism. This is the principle behind generators.

A. Positive. Protons have a positive charge.

B. Beta decay. Beta decay involves the emission of an electron (or positron).

A. The relationship between mass and energy. The famous equation $E=mc^2$ comes from this theory.

A. Atom. Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of elements.

C. Burning wood. Burning wood involves a change in the chemical composition of the wood.

B. 7. A pH of 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is basic.

B. Au. Au is the chemical symbol derived from the Latin word “aurum”.

D. Vacuum. A vacuum is the absence of matter.

A. Oxygen. Oxygen makes up a significant portion of the Earth’s crust in various compounds.

A. $H_2O$. Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

C. Helium. Noble gases are in Group 18 of the periodic table and are known for their low reactivity.

A. Galvanization. This process creates a protective layer of zinc on the iron.

A. They are highly reactive. Alkali metals (Group 1) are known for their high reactivity with water and air.

B. -1. Chlorine gains one electron to achieve a stable electron configuration, giving it a negative charge.

C. Bronze. Bronze is an alloy made primarily of copper and tin.

A. Methane. Methane ($CH_4$) is the simplest hydrocarbon and the main component of natural gas.

C. -OH. The hydroxyl group (-OH) is characteristic of alcohols.

B. $C_nH_{2n+2}$. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with this general formula.

C. Butene. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

A. Hydrogenation. This process adds hydrogen to unsaturated fats, making them more solid.

C. Polyethylene. Polyethylene is a common plastic made from repeating ethylene units.

C. Carbon dioxide. While essential for life, excess carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) acts as a greenhouse gas and is considered a pollutant at high concentrations, contributing to climate change.

B. Burning of fossil fuels. This releases sulfur dioxide ($SO_2$) and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$), which react with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

A. Eutrophication. This often results from fertilizer runoff and sewage discharge.

A. Methane. Methane ($CH_4$) is a potent greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere.

B. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs, previously used in refrigerants and aerosols, break down ozone ($O_3$) in the stratosphere.

A. Desalination. This process makes seawater suitable for drinking and irrigation.

C. Food scraps. Biodegradable waste can be broken down naturally by microorganisms.

A. Photosynthesis. Plants use chlorophyll to capture light energy and produce glucose.

C. Roots. Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.

A. To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves. The xylem is a vascular tissue responsible for this upward transport.

D. Muscle tissue. Muscle tissue is found in animals, not plants.

B. Stamen. The stamen consists of the anther and filament and produces pollen.

B. Moss. Bryophytes are non-vascular plants that include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts.

D. Insect. Invertebrates lack a backbone.

C. To exchange gases with the environment. The respiratory system takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

C. Reptile. Cold-blooded (poikilothermic or ectothermic) animals rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature. Amphibians are also typically considered cold-blooded.

A. Metamorphosis. This involves significant changes in the insect’s body structure.

C. Whale. Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by hair, mammary glands, and breathing air.

A. To extract oxygen from water. Gills are specialized organs for gas exchange in aquatic environments.

A. Heart. The heart is the central pump of the circulatory system.

A. To break down food and absorb nutrients. The digestive system processes food into usable forms for the body.

A. Brain. The brain is the central control organ of the nervous system.

C. To fight infections. White blood cells (leukocytes) are a key part of the immune system.

A. Diabetes. Specifically, Type 1 diabetes is caused by the body’s inability to produce enough insulin, which regulates blood sugar.

A. To filter waste products from the blood. The kidneys remove waste materials and excess fluid, producing urine.

A. Gene. Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for specific traits.

A. mRNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code transcribed from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

A. Replication. DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself.

A. Charles Darwin. Darwin proposed that species evolve over time through the mechanism of natural selection.

A. Natural selection. This differential survival and reproduction based on advantageous traits is the core mechanism of evolution.

A. Ecosystem. Ecosystems encompass all living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components interacting in a specific area.

B. To break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients. Decomposers like bacteria and fungi play a vital role in nutrient cycling.

A. Biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the variety of species, genetic variation within species, and the diversity of ecosystems.

A. Habitat loss. The destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats is a leading cause of species decline and biodiversity loss.

A. Biomagnification. This process leads to higher concentrations of toxins in organisms at higher trophic levels.

A. Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology involves designing, producing, and applying structures, devices, and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale.

A. Developing genetically modified crops. Biotechnology uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

A. Artificial intelligence (AI). AI involves creating computer systems that can perform tasks such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

A. Reusable rockets. Companies like SpaceX have pioneered reusable rocket technology to significantly lower the cost of space launches.

A. Internet of Things (IoT). IoT refers to the network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies that enable them to connect and exchange data.

A. Storing and accessing data over the internet. Cloud computing delivers computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software—over the Internet.

A. ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation). ISRO is the primary agency for space exploration, satellite development, and launch vehicle technology in India.

A. Aryabhata. Named after the ancient Indian mathematician, Aryabhata was launched by the Soviet Union in 1975.

D. All of the above. India has achieved significant milestones including lunar exploration (Chandrayaan), Mars orbiter mission (Mangalyaan), and developing reliable launch vehicles.

A. BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Centre). BARC, under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), is India’s premier nuclear research facility.

A. Smiling Buddha. This was the code name for India’s first successful nuclear bomb test conducted on 18 May 1974 in Pokhran (Pokhran-I).

D. All of the above. These are operational nuclear power plants contributing to India’s energy grid.

A. Agni. The Agni series represents India’s medium to intercontinental range ballistic missiles developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP).

A. Homi J. Bhabha. Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha was the visionary architect of India’s nuclear energy program.

D. All of the above. Bihar has initiated various measures including reviving Nalanda University (with international collaboration), formulating a biotechnology policy, and encouraging IT sector growth.

D. All of the above. The policy aims to leverage biotechnology for socio-economic development by fostering research, attracting investment, and generating employment.

A. Patna. Patna, the state capital, has seen the development of IT parks and is attracting IT companies.

C. Both A and B. Both the Shri Krishna Science Centre and the Indira Gandhi Science Complex (Planetarium) in Patna aim to promote science education and awareness.

D. All of the above. The university is dedicated to advancing agriculture in the state through research, education, and extension activities.

D. All of the above. These crafts involve understanding materials (pigments, fibers, grass properties), processes (weaving techniques, dyeing), and sometimes chemical interactions.

D. All of the above. The council works towards integrating science and technology into the state’s development plans and promoting a scientific temper.

D. All of the above. Bihar faces challenges related to infrastructure, funding, and retaining skilled manpower, which impact the pace of S&T development.