Control and Coordination Class 10 Best MCQs

Correct Answer: B. Movement is often seen as a response to changes in the environment, a characteristic of living organisms.

Correct Answer: D. Controlled movement is crucial for survival and interaction with the surroundings.

Correct Answer: D. Multicellular organisms need these systems to integrate and manage their complex functions.

Correct Answer: A. Nervous tissue transmits signals, and muscular tissue responds by contracting or relaxing.

Correct Answer: A. Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals.

Correct Answer: C. Nerve impulses involve electrical signals within a neuron and chemical signals at synapses.

Correct Answer: A. Gustatory receptors are responsible for taste (tongue), and olfactory receptors for smell (nose).

Correct Answer: B. Receptors are specialized nerve endings that detect stimuli like light, sound, touch, etc.

Correct Answer: B. Reflex actions are automatic, quick responses that help protect the body from harm.

Correct Answer: D. Reflex actions are rapid, involuntary responses that primarily involve the spinal cord, while conscious actions are deliberate and involve the brain.

Correct Answer: A. The reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action.

Correct Answer: C. The spinal cord can process simple reflexes without involving the brain, enabling quick responses.

Correct Answer: A. Blinking in response to a sudden stimulus is a reflex action.

Correct Answer: A. The brain and spinal cord are the main components of the CNS, responsible for processing and integrating information.

Correct Answer: A. The PNS comprises nerves that carry information to and from the CNS.

Correct Answer: A. Voluntary actions are those that we consciously decide to perform.

Correct Answer: B. The human brain is broadly divided into the fore-brain, mid-brain, and hind-brain.

Correct Answer: A. The fore-brain is the most developed part of the brain and is associated with higher-order functions like thinking, memory, and perception.

Correct Answer: A. These areas are primarily located in the fore-brain and are responsible for processing sensory information, integrating it, and initiating motor responses.

Correct Answer: B. The mid-brain and hind-brain control vital functions like breathing, heart rate, and digestion.

Correct Answer: C. The medulla oblongata is a part of the hind-brain that controls vital involuntary functions.

Correct Answer: B. The cerebellum, located in the hind-brain, coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance.

Correct Answer: B. The cerebellum coordinates muscle movements for precise and smooth voluntary actions.

Correct Answer: A. The fore-brain houses various centers, including those associated with hunger and satiety.

Correct Answer: D. The brain is protected by the bony skull, cerebrospinal fluid that cushions it, and meninges that provide additional layers of protection.

Correct Answer: B. The vertebral column, or backbone, encloses and protects the delicate spinal cord.

Correct Answer: D. CSF serves multiple functions, including providing nourishment, removing waste, and cushioning the brain.

Correct Answer: A. The skull is the outermost protective layer for the brain.

Correct Answer: C. The vertebral column provides a bony enclosure for the spinal cord, safeguarding it from injury.

Correct Answer: C. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by specialized structures within the brain, not the meninges.

Correct Answer: B. The fluid-filled balloon, containing cerebrospinal fluid, acts as a cushion, reducing the impact of any blows or sudden movements.

Correct Answer: D. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, not the brain.

Correct Answer: C. The skull and vertebral column primarily serve a protective function for the brain and spinal cord, respectively.

Correct Answer: D. All the mentioned options contribute to protecting the nervous system in different ways.

Correct Answer: A. The blood-brain barrier selectively controls the passage of molecules from the blood into the brain, protecting it from potentially harmful substances.

Correct Answer: B. Nervous tissue transmits electrical impulses to muscle fibers, triggering their contraction.

Correct Answer: B. Specialized proteins like actin and myosin interact and slide past each other, leading to muscle fiber shortening.

Correct Answer: A. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and are under conscious control.

Correct Answer: B. Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles found in the walls of organs, controlling functions like digestion and blood vessel constriction.

Correct Answer: C. Cardiac muscle is unique to the heart and has the ability to generate its own electrical impulses for continuous contractions.

Correct Answer: A. Breathing is controlled by involuntary muscles, ensuring continuous respiration even when we are not consciously thinking about it.

Correct Answer: B. The neuromuscular junction is the specialized synapse where a motor neuron communicates with a muscle fiber.

Correct Answer: C. Muscle contraction can be both voluntary (controlled by conscious thought) and involuntary (occurring automatically).

Correct Answer: A. The unique arrangement and interaction of proteins within muscle fibers enable them to contract.

Correct Answer: C. Smooth muscles, not skeletal muscles, are found in the walls of internal organs.

Correct Answer: C. Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction, which leads to various types of movement in the body.

Correct Answer: B. Plants lack the specialized nervous and muscular systems found in animals.

Correct Answer: B. Plants utilize chemical signals (hormones) and changes in growth patterns to respond to their environment.

Correct Answer: B. The bending of a shoot towards light is a result of differential growth in response to the stimulus.

Correct Answer: B. The rapid closure of leaves in a Venus flytrap is a growth-independent movement triggered by touch.

Correct Answer: B. Mimosa pudica exhibits a quick drooping of leaves when touched, a thigmonastic movement.

Correct Answer: C. The sensitive plant uses a combination of electrical and chemical signals to transmit information about touch.

Correct Answer: B. Changes in water content within certain cells lead to swelling or shrinking, causing the leaves to move.

Correct Answer: B. Nastic movements are non-directional responses to stimuli, like the folding of leaves in Mimosa pudica.

Correct Answer: D. Plants utilize a combination of electrical and chemical signals for communication, although they lack specialized nerve tissues.

Correct Answer: B. Tendrils exhibit differential growth, with the side not in contact with the support growing faster, causing the tendril to curl around the object.

Correct Answer: A. Tropism refers to the growth of a plant in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus.

Correct Answer: A. Phototropism is the directional growth of a plant in response to light.

Correct Answer: B. Geotropism is the growth of a plant in response to gravity, with roots typically showing positive geotropism (growing downwards) and shoots showing negative geotropism (growing upwards).

Correct Answer: C. Hydrotropism is the directional growth of plant roots in response to a moisture gradient.

Correct Answer: D. Chemotropism is the growth of a plant in response to a chemical stimulus, such as the growth of a pollen tube towards the ovule due to chemical attractants.

Correct Answer: C. Tropism is inherently dependent on growth, as it involves the plant growing in a specific direction.

Correct Answer: B. Plant hormones, like auxin, play a crucial role in regulating differential growth, leading to the bending or coiling movements observed in plants.

Correct Answer: D. Photoperiodism is a physiological response to the relative lengths of day and night, influencing processes like flowering, but it is not a type of tropism.

Correct Answer: A. Plant hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various aspects of plant growth, development, and responses to the environment.

Correct Answer: A. Auxin promotes cell elongation and is involved in the bending of shoots towards light.

Correct Answer: B. Gibberellins are growth-promoting hormones that stimulate stem elongation and other developmental processes.

Correct Answer: C. Cytokinins are essential for cell division and differentiation in plants.

Correct Answer: D. Abscisic acid acts as a growth inhibitor and plays a role in stress responses like dormancy and stomatal closure.

Correct Answer: D. Plant hormones can have diverse effects, including promoting growth, inhibiting growth, or regulating other physiological processes.

Correct Answer: A. Auxin accumulates on the shaded side, causing those cells to elongate faster and resulting in the shoot bending towards the light.

Correct Answer: D. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that promotes fruit ripening and other senescence processes.

Correct Answer: D. Abscisic acid is involved in stress responses, triggering stomatal closure to reduce water loss and promoting seed dormancy.

Correct Answer: B. Gibberellins break seed dormancy and stimulate germination by promoting embryo growth and the mobilization of stored nutrients.

Correct Answer: B. The endocrine system, comprising various glands that secrete hormones, is responsible for chemical coordination in animals.

Correct Answer: B. Hormones are chemical signals produced by endocrine glands, transported via the blood to target organs where they exert specific effects.

Correct Answer: B. The endocrine system is a network of glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: A. The endocrine system regulates various physiological processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction through hormonal signals.

Correct Answer: D. Hormones can be of various chemical natures, including proteins, steroids, and amines.

Correct Answer: C. Adrenaline is secreted by the adrenal glands, located on top of the kidneys.

Correct Answer: C. Adrenaline triggers physiological changes that help the body respond to stressful or threatening situations.

Correct Answer: C. Adrenaline increases the breathing rate to supply more oxygen to the body.

Correct Answer: A. The body releases adrenaline when it perceives a threat or challenge, preparing it to either fight or flee.

Correct Answer: C. Adrenaline is the key hormone that mediates the physiological changes during the fight-or-flight response.

Correct Answer: D. While adrenaline affects various organs, the pancreas is not a primary target organ.

Correct Answer: A. Thyroxine, produced by the thyroid gland, controls the rate of metabolism, affecting energy expenditure and growth.

Correct Answer: C. Growth hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, stimulates growth and development of various tissues and organs.

Correct Answer: A. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone, while estrogen is the primary female sex hormone, both playing key roles in pubertal development.

Correct Answer: B. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps regulate blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells.

Correct Answer: D. The pancreas houses clusters of cells called islets of Langerhans, which produce hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Correct Answer: D. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or action.

Correct Answer: A. Adrenaline triggers the physiological changes associated with the fight-or-flight response, preparing the body to deal with a perceived threat.

Correct Answer: B. Testosterone promotes the development of male secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth.

Correct Answer: A. Insufficient growth hormone production during childhood results in stunted growth, leading to dwarfism.

Correct Answer: B. Excessive growth hormone production during childhood causes abnormal growth, leading to gigantism.

Correct Answer: B. Thyroxine is produced by the thyroid gland, not the pituitary gland.

Correct Answer: B. Feedback mechanisms ensure that hormones are released in appropriate amounts and at the right times to maintain homeostasis.

Correct Answer: C. When blood sugar rises, insulin is released to lower it; when blood sugar falls, glucagon is released to raise it. This is a classic example of negative feedback.

Correct Answer: A. The pancreas monitors blood glucose levels and adjusts insulin secretion accordingly.

Correct Answer: B. Feedback mechanisms are crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment (homeostasis) by regulating various physiological processes, including hormone levels.