Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ

Q: What is the process of breathing?

Breathing, or respiration, is the process of taking in oxygen from the atmosphere and releasing carbon dioxide produced by the cells.

Q: What are the main organs of the human respiratory system?

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli.

Q: How does inspiration occur?

Diaphragm contracts, increasing thoracic volume, lowering lung pressure, and drawing in air.

Q: What controls breathing?

The respiratory center in the brainstem, influenced by blood carbon dioxide and oxygen levels.

Question 1

Question 1: What is the primary purpose of breathing in organisms?

A. To release excess heat from the body.B. To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment.C. To provide a source of energy for cellular processes.D. To remove waste products from the body.

Answer

B. To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. Breathing facilitates the uptake of oxygen for energy production and the removal of carbon dioxide, a waste product of cellular respiration. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 2

Question 2: Which gas is utilized by organisms to break down molecules and produce energy?

A. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)B. Nitrogen (N₂)C. Oxygen (O₂)D. Hydrogen (H₂)

Answer

C. Oxygen (O₂). Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration, where it is used to break down glucose and other molecules to generate energy. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 3

Question 3: What is the byproduct of energy production in cells?

A. Oxygen (O₂)B. Water (H₂O)C. Carbon dioxide (CO₂)D. Nitrogen (N₂)

Answer

C. Carbon dioxide (CO₂). Carbon dioxide is produced during cellular respiration as a waste product. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 4

Question 4: How do lower invertebrates like sponges and flatworms exchange gases?

A. Through specialized respiratory organs like lungs.B. By simple diffusion across their body surface.C. Using a network of tracheal tubes.D. Through their moist cuticle.

Answer

B. By simple diffusion across their body surface. Lower invertebrates have simple body structures that allow for direct gas exchange with the environment. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 5

Question 5: What respiratory mechanism do earthworms utilize?

A. Tracheal tubesB. GillsC. LungsD. Moist cuticle

Answer

D. Moist cuticle. Earthworms exchange gases through their skin, which is kept moist for efficient diffusion. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 6

Question 6: How do insects carry out gas exchange?

A. LungsB. GillsC. Tracheal tubesD. Skin

Answer

C. Tracheal tubes. Insects have a network of tubes called tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to their tissues. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 7

Question 7: What is the function of the nasal chamber in the respiratory system?

A. Gas exchangeB. Sound productionC. Filtering, warming, and moistening inhaled airD. Swallowing food

Answer

C. Filtering, warming, and moistening inhaled air. The nasal chamber conditions the air before it enters the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 8

Question 8: The pharynx is a common passage for:

A. Food and airB. Air and waterC. Food and waterD. Air and blood

Answer

A. Food and air. The pharynx is part of both the respiratory and digestive systems. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 9

Question 9: Which structure is responsible for sound production?

A. TracheaB. BronchiC. LarynxD. Pharynx

Answer

C. Larynx. The larynx contains the vocal cords, which vibrate to produce sound. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 10

Question 10: What is the role of the epiglottis?

A. To produce sound.B. To prevent food from entering the trachea.C. To filter inhaled air.D. To facilitate gas exchange.

Answer

B. To prevent food from entering the trachea. The epiglottis acts as a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 11

Question 11: The trachea is also known as the:

A. Food pipeB. Voice boxC. WindpipeD. Air sac

Answer

C. Windpipe. The trachea is the tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 12

Question 12: What are the two tubes that branch from the trachea called?

A. BronchiolesB. AlveoliC. BronchiD. Capillaries

Answer

C. Bronchi. The trachea divides into two main bronchi, one leading to each lung. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 13

Question 13: Bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called:

A. AlveoliB. BronchiolesC. CapillariesD. Pleura

Answer

B. Bronchioles. Bronchioles are the finer branches of the bronchi within the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 14

Question 14: Where does the actual exchange of gases take place in the lungs?

A. BronchiB. TracheaC. AlveoliD. Pleura

Answer

C. Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 15

Question 15: Which organs are the primary sites for gas exchange in the human body?

A. KidneysB. LungsC. HeartD. Liver

Answer

B. Lungs. The lungs are specifically designed for efficient gas exchange. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 16

Question 16: What is the membrane that encloses the lungs called?

A. PericardiumB. PeritoneumC. PleuraD. Meninges

Answer

C. Pleura. The pleura is a double-layered membrane that surrounds each lung. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 17

Question 17: Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for transporting air but not involved in gas exchange?

A. Respiratory partB. Conducting partC. Alveolar ductsD. Alveoli

Answer

B. Conducting part. The conducting part includes structures like the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles that carry air to the alveoli. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 18

Question 18: Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of gases?

A. Conducting partB. Respiratory partC. BronchiolesD. Trachea

Answer

B. Respiratory part. The respiratory part includes the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 19

Question 19: Where are the lungs located within the body?

A. Cranial cavityB. Abdominal cavityC. Thoracic chamberD. Pelvic cavity

Answer

C. Thoracic chamber. The thoracic chamber, or chest cavity, houses and protects the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 20

Question 20: What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A. RibsB. SternumC. DiaphragmD. Intercostal muscles

Answer

C. Diaphragm. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 21

Question 21: What is the process of taking in atmospheric air called?

A. ExpirationB. InspirationC. VentilationD. Diffusion

Answer

B. Inspiration. Inspiration is the active process of drawing air into the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 22

Question 22: What is the process of releasing air from the lungs called?

A. InspirationB. ExpirationC. DiffusionD. Osmosis

Answer

B. Expiration. Expiration is the process of expelling air from the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 23

Question 23: What drives the movement of air into and out of the lungs?

A. Temperature differenceB. Concentration gradientC. Pressure gradientD. Osmotic pressure

Answer

C. Pressure gradient. Air flows from an area of high pressure to low pressure. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 24

Question 24: Which muscle plays a major role in breathing by altering the volume of the thoracic cavity?

A. BicepsB. DiaphragmC. QuadricepsD. Triceps

Answer

B. Diaphragm. The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 25

Question 25: What is the function of the intercostal muscles during breathing?

A. They contract to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity.B. They relax to allow for expiration.C. They assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage.D. They have no role in breathing.

Answer

C. They assist in expanding and contracting the rib cage. The intercostal muscles help change the thoracic cavity’s size during breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 26

Question 26: What does tidal volume refer to?

A. The maximum volume of air a person can inhale.B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.C. The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath.D. The additional volume of air inhaled after a deep breath.

Answer

C. The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath. Tidal volume is the amount of air exchanged during quiet breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 27

Question 27: What is the additional volume of air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation called?

A. Tidal volumeB. Inspiratory reserve volumeC. Expiratory reserve volumeD. Residual volume

Answer

B. Inspiratory reserve volume. It’s the extra air that can be inhaled beyond the normal tidal volume. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 28

Question 28: What is the additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation called?

A. Tidal volumeB. Inspiratory reserve volumeC. Expiratory reserve volumeD. Residual volume

Answer

C. Expiratory reserve volume. It’s the extra air that can be exhaled beyond the normal tidal volume. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 29

Question 29: What is the volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a forceful exhalation called?

A. Tidal volumeB. Inspiratory reserve volumeC. Expiratory reserve volumeD. Residual volume

Answer

D. Residual volume. This air ensures that the lungs don’t collapse completely. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 30

Question 30: What does inspiratory capacity represent?

A. The total volume of air a person can exhale.B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.C. The maximum volume of air a person can inhale after a normal exhalation.D. The additional volume of air inhaled after a deep breath.

Answer

C. The maximum volume of air a person can inhale after a normal exhalation. It includes tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 31

Question 31: What does expiratory capacity represent?

A. The total volume of air a person can inhale.B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.C. The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a normal inhalation.D. The additional volume of air inhaled after a deep breath.

Answer

C. The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a normal inhalation. It includes tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 32

Question 32: What does functional residual capacity represent?

A. The total volume of air a person can inhale.B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.C. The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a normal inhalation.D. The additional volume of air inhaled after a deep breath.

Answer

B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation. It includes expiratory reserve volume and residual volume. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 33

Question 33: What does vital capacity represent?

A. The total volume of air a person can inhale.B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.C. The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a forceful inhalation.D. The additional volume of air inhaled after a deep breath.

Answer

C. The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a forceful inhalation. It includes inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 34

Question 34: What does total lung capacity represent?

A. The total volume of air a person can inhale.B. The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation.C. The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a forceful inhalation.D. The total volume of air the lungs can hold after a maximum inhalation.

Answer

D. The total volume of air the lungs can hold after a maximum inhalation. It includes all lung volumes. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 35

Question 35: What are the primary sites of gas exchange in the lungs?

A. BronchiB. TracheaC. AlveoliD. Pleura

Answer

C. Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries for efficient gas exchange. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 36

Question 36: By what process are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the lungs and tissues?

A. Active transportB. OsmosisC. DiffusionD. Filtration

Answer

C. Diffusion. Gases move from areas of high concentration to low concentration. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 37

Question 37: What is the term for the pressure exerted by an individual gas within a mixture of gases?

A. Vapor pressureB. Partial pressureC. Osmotic pressureD. Absolute pressure

Answer

B. Partial pressure. It determines the movement of each gas independently. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 38

Question 38: What constitutes the diffusion membrane through which gases are exchanged in the alveoli?

A. A thick layer of connective tissueB. A single layer of epithelial cellsC. The alveolar wall, capillary wall, and their basement membranesD. A layer of smooth muscle cells

Answer

C. The alveolar wall, capillary wall, and their basement membranes. This thin membrane allows for efficient gas exchange. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 39

Question 39: What is the primary medium for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body?

A. LymphB. BloodC. Interstitial fluidD. Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer

B. Blood. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 40

Question 40: Which respiratory pigment in red blood cells binds to oxygen?

A. MyoglobinB. ChlorophyllC. HemoglobinD. Cytochrome

Answer

C. Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin greatly increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 41

Question 41: What is formed when oxygen binds with hemoglobin?

A. CarbaminohemoglobinB. CarboxyhemoglobinC. OxyhemoglobinD. Deoxyhemoglobin

Answer

C. Oxyhemoglobin. This is the form in which oxygen is transported in the blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 42

Question 42: What type of curve illustrates the relationship between the partial pressure of oxygen and the percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen?

A. Linear curveB. Exponential curveC. Sigmoid curveD. Hyperbolic curve

Answer

C. Sigmoid curve. The oxygen dissociation curve shows how oxygen saturation changes with varying oxygen partial pressures. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 43

Question 43: How is a small percentage of carbon dioxide transported in the blood?

A. Dissolved in plasmaB. As bicarbonate ionsC. Bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobinD. As carbonic acid

Answer

C. Bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin. This is a minor transport mechanism for carbon dioxide. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 44

Question 44: Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate ions from carbon dioxide and water in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydraseB. CatalaseC. AmylaseD. Lipase

Answer

A. Carbonic anhydrase. This enzyme speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 45

Question 45: What is the major form in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

A. Dissolved in plasmaB. As bicarbonate ionsC. Bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobinD. As carbonic acid

Answer

B. As bicarbonate ions. This is the most efficient way to transport carbon dioxide in the blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 46

Question 46: Which system in the body plays a major role in regulating respiration?

A. Endocrine systemB. Digestive systemC. Neural systemD. Excretory system

Answer

C. Neural system. The nervous system controls the rate and depth of breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 47

Question 47: Where is the respiratory rhythm center located?

A. CerebellumB. Medulla oblongataC. HypothalamusD. Cerebral cortex

Answer

B. Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata in the brainstem controls the basic rhythm of breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 48

Question 48: Which center in the brain can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm center?

A. Apneustic centerB. Pneumotaxic centerC. Cardiovascular centerD. Thermoregulatory center

Answer

B. Pneumotaxic center. The pneumotaxic center helps fine-tune the breathing pattern. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 49

Question 49: Which area in the brain is highly sensitive to changes in CO₂ and hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentrations?

A. Chemosensitive areaB. Visual cortexC. Auditory cortexD. Motor cortex

Answer

A. Chemosensitive area. This area helps regulate breathing based on blood CO₂ and H⁺ levels. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 50

Question 50: Where are the receptors that can detect changes in CO₂ and H⁺ concentrations located?

A. Aortic arch and carotid arteryB. Pulmonary veins and arteriesC. Vena cava and aortaD. Cerebral arteries

Answer

A. Aortic arch and carotid artery. These receptors send signals to the brain to adjust breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 51

Question 51: What is a common respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways?

A. PneumoniaB. BronchitisC. AsthmaD. Emphysema

Answer

C. Asthma. Asthma often involves wheezing and difficulty breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 52

Question 52: Which respiratory disorder is characterized by damage to the alveolar walls, leading to reduced gas exchange?

A. AsthmaB. BronchitisC. PneumoniaD. Emphysema

Answer

D. Emphysema. Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 53

Question 53: What type of respiratory disorders can be caused by long-term exposure to dust, fumes, or chemicals in the workplace?

A. Infectious respiratory disordersB. Occupational respiratory disordersC. AllergiesD. Autoimmune disorders

Answer

B. Occupational respiratory disorders. These disorders are specific to certain work environments. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 54

Question 54: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asthma?

A. Inflammation of bronchi and bronchiolesB. Wheezing sound during breathingC. Difficulty in breathingD. Damage to alveolar walls

Answer

D. Damage to alveolar walls. Damage to alveolar walls is a characteristic of emphysema, not asthma. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 55

Question 55: Which of the following is a major cause of emphysema?

A. Exposure to dustB. Cigarette smokingC. AllergiesD. Bacterial infection

Answer

B. Cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of emphysema. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 56

Question 56: What is the primary cause of occupational respiratory disorders?

A. Genetic predispositionB. Exposure to allergensC. Exposure to workplace pollutantsD. Viral infections

Answer

C. Exposure to workplace pollutants. Occupational respiratory disorders are caused by inhaling harmful substances in the workplace. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 57

Question 57: Which of the following is a common symptom of occupational respiratory disorders?

A. FeverB. CoughC. Skin rashD. Headache

Answer

B. Cough. Cough is a common symptom of various respiratory disorders, including occupational ones. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 58

Question 58: Which of the following occupations is NOT typically associated with a high risk of occupational respiratory disorders?

A. Coal miningB. Construction workC. Office workD. Sandblasting

Answer

C. Office work. Office work typically does not involve exposure to high levels of respiratory hazards. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 59

Question 59: What is the purpose of wearing protective masks in industries with high dust levels?

A. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases.B. To reduce the risk of occupational respiratory disorders.C. To improve breathing efficiency.D. To prevent allergies.

Answer

B. To reduce the risk of occupational respiratory disorders. Protective masks filter out dust and other harmful particles. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 60

Question 60: Which of the following is NOT a common type of occupational respiratory disorder?

A. AsthmaB. PneumoniaC. SilicosisD. Asbestosis

Answer

B. Pneumonia. Pneumonia is usually caused by an infection, not occupational exposure. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 61

Question 61: What is the term for the scarring of lung tissue caused by long-term exposure to dust or other irritants?

A. EmphysemaB. BronchitisC. PneumothoraxD. Fibrosis

Answer

D. Fibrosis. Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous tissue in the lungs, leading to stiffness and reduced function. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 62

Question 62: Which of the following is NOT a preventive measure for occupational respiratory disorders?

A. Wearing protective equipmentB. Regular medical check-upsC. Taking antibioticsD. Ensuring good ventilation in the workplace

Answer

C. Taking antibiotics. Antibiotics are not effective against occupational respiratory disorders as they are not caused by bacterial infections. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 63

Question 63: What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A. To produce soundB. To filter bloodC. To exchange gases between the body and the environmentD. To digest food

Answer

C. To exchange gases between the body and the environment. The respiratory system facilitates the uptake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 64

Question 64: Which of the following is NOT a component of the conducting part of the respiratory system?

A. TracheaB. BronchiC. AlveoliD. Pharynx

Answer

C. Alveoli. Alveoli are part of the respiratory part, where gas exchange occurs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. To reduce friction between the lungs and the chest wall. Pleural fluid allows the lungs to move smoothly during breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Digestion. Digestion is part of the digestive system, not the respiratory system. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

A. Diaphragm. The diaphragm contracts during inhalation, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

C. Intrapulmonary pressure. Intrapulmonary pressure changes during breathing to allow for air movement. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Inspiratory reserve volume. It is the extra volume of air that can be inhaled forcefully after a normal inspiration. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. Residual volume. It ensures that the lungs do not collapse completely. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. It contracts and moves downwards. The diaphragm’s contraction increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing for lung expansion. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. They contract. The intercostal muscles contract to lift the rib cage, further expanding the thoracic cavity. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. It decreases. The relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles reduces the thoracic cavity volume, expelling air from the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. As lung volume increases, intrapulmonary pressure decreases. This pressure difference drives air into the lungs during inhalation. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Partial pressure gradient. Gases move from an area of higher partial pressure to an area of lower partial pressure. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

A. Higher in the alveoli. This difference in pO₂ drives the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

A. Higher in the tissues. This difference in pCO₂ drives the diffusion of carbon dioxide from the tissues into the blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. 97%. Hemoglobin significantly increases the blood’s oxygen-carrying capacity. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

C. As bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions in the plasma are the primary means of carbon dioxide transport. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. It catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid. Carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. It shifts to the right. A decrease in pH (increased acidity) reduces hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen, promoting oxygen release in the tissues. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. All of the above. The Bohr effect encompasses the influence of pH, temperature, and carbon dioxide on hemoglobin’s oxygen affinity. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

A. The effect of oxygen on carbon dioxide binding to hemoglobin. Oxygenation of blood in the lungs decreases its affinity for carbon dioxide, facilitating its release. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

A. It converts carbon dioxide to carbonic acid. This reaction occurs in the red blood cells, allowing for efficient carbon dioxide transport as bicarbonate ions. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

C. Medulla oblongata. The medulla oblongata controls the basic rhythm of breathing. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. It can moderate the functions of the respiratory rhythm center. The pneumotaxic center helps fine-tune the breathing pattern. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Blood carbon dioxide levels. An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels triggers an increase in breathing rate and depth. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

A. Aortic arch and carotid bodies. These chemoreceptors send signals to the brain to adjust breathing in response to changes in blood oxygen levels. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. It decreases the pH (makes it more acidic). Carbon dioxide reacts with water in the CSF to form carbonic acid, which dissociates and lowers the pH. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Breathing becomes faster and deeper. The chemosensitive area in the medulla oblongata detects the increased acidity and stimulates the respiratory centers to increase ventilation. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. They detect changes in blood oxygen levels. These peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to decreases in blood oxygen levels and signal the brain to increase ventilation. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. All of the above. Multiple factors, including increased carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and signals from the motor cortex, contribute to increased ventilation during exercise. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Breathing becomes faster and deeper. The lower partial pressure of oxygen at high altitudes triggers an increase in ventilation to compensate for the reduced oxygen availability. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

C. Arthritis. Arthritis is a joint disorder, not a respiratory disorder. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

C. Smoking. Smoking is a major risk factor for emphysema, which involves damage to the alveolar walls. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. All of the above. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and constriction, leading to various respiratory symptoms. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

C. Exposure to workplace pollutants. Occupational respiratory disorders result from inhaling harmful substances in the work environment. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. All of the above. These measures help reduce exposure to harmful substances and promote early detection of any respiratory problems. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

B. Smoking. Smoking is the most significant risk factor for lung cancer. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Accepted Answer

D. Nutrient absorption. Nutrient absorption is a function of the digestive system, not the respiratory system. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Table of Contents

Respiratory Organs: Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ

Breathing/Respiration

Respiratory Organs in Different Animal Groups

Human Respiratory System

Nasal Chamber

Pharynx

Larynx (Sound Box)

Epiglottis

Trachea

Bronchi

Question 12: What are the two tubes that branch from the trachea called?A. BronchiolesB. AlveoliC. BronchiD. CapillariesShow ExplanationCorrect Answer: C. Bronchi. The trachea divides into two main bronchi, one leading to each lung. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Bronchioles

Question 13: Bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called:A. AlveoliB. BronchiolesC. CapillariesD. PleuraShow ExplanationCorrect Answer: B. Bronchioles. Bronchioles are the finer branches of the bronchi within the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Alveoli

Lungs

Pleura

Question 16: What is the membrane that encloses the lungs called?A. PericardiumB. PeritoneumC. PleuraD. MeningesShow ExplanationCorrect Answer: C. Pleura. The pleura is a double-layered membrane that surrounds each lung. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Conducting Part

Respiratory Part

Thoracic Chamber

Mechanism of Breathing: Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ

Inspiration

Expiration

Question 22: What is the process of releasing air from the lungs called?A. InspirationB. ExpirationC. DiffusionD. OsmosisShow ExplanationCorrect Answer: B. Expiration. Expiration is the process of expelling air from the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Pressure Gradient

Diaphragm

Intercostal Muscles

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

Tidal Volume (TV)

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

Residual Volume (RV)

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

Expiratory Capacity (EC)

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Vital Capacity (VC)

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

Exchange of Gases: Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ

Alveoli

Diffusion

Partial Pressure

Diffusion Membrane

Transport of Gases: Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ

Blood

Transport of Oxygen

Hemoglobin

Question 40: Which respiratory pigment in red blood cells binds to oxygen?A. MyoglobinB. ChlorophyllC. HemoglobinD. CytochromeShow ExplanationCorrect Answer: C. Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin greatly increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Oxyhemoglobin

Oxygen Dissociation Curve

Transport of Carbon Dioxide

Carbamino-hemoglobin

Carbonic Anhydrase

Bicarbonate

Regulation of Respiration: Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ

Neural System

Respiratory Rhythm Center

Pneumotaxic Center

Question 12: What are the two tubes that branch from the trachea called?
A. BronchiolesB. AlveoliC. BronchiD. Capillaries
Show Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Bronchi. The trachea divides into two main bronchi, one leading to each lung. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 13: Bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called:
A. AlveoliB. BronchiolesC. CapillariesD. Pleura
Show Explanation
Correct Answer: B. Bronchioles. Bronchioles are the finer branches of the bronchi within the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 16: What is the membrane that encloses the lungs called?
A. PericardiumB. PeritoneumC. PleuraD. Meninges
Show Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Pleura. The pleura is a double-layered membrane that surrounds each lung. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 22: What is the process of releasing air from the lungs called?
A. InspirationB. ExpirationC. DiffusionD. Osmosis
Show Explanation
Correct Answer: B. Expiration. Expiration is the process of expelling air from the lungs. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)

Question 40: Which respiratory pigment in red blood cells binds to oxygen?
A. MyoglobinB. ChlorophyllC. HemoglobinD. Cytochrome
Show Explanation
Correct Answer: C. Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin greatly increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood. (Breathing and Exchange of Gases MCQ by Top100MCQ.com)