100 Transmission and Distribution MCQs. Understand key electrical power system topics. Includes questions on transmission lines, distribution, protection devices, and substations.
100 Transmission and Distribution MCQs – Online Test
Question 1: What is the primary purpose of a transmission line in an electrical power system?
A. To generate electricity
B. To transmit electrical energy from one location to another
C. To transform voltage levels
D. To store electrical energy
B. To transmit electrical energy from one location to another. Transmission lines are used to transfer electrical energy over long distances from power plants to distribution networks.
Question 2: Which of the following is NOT a type of transmission line?
A. Overhead
B. Underground
C. Submarine
D. In-house
D. In-house. In-house lines are not considered transmission lines, which typically refer to overhead, underground, and submarine lines used for large-scale power transfer.
Question 3: Which material is commonly used for conductors in overhead transmission lines?
A. Iron
B. Steel
C. Copper
D. Silver
C. Copper. Copper is widely used due to its excellent conductivity and mechanical strength.
Question 4: What does ACSR stand for in the context of transmission line conductors?
A. Aluminium Cable Steel Reinforced
B. Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced
C. Aluminium Core Steel Rod
D. Aluminium Conducting Silver Rod
B. Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced. ACSR conductors combine aluminium and steel to enhance strength and conductivity.
Question 5: Which parameter of a transmission line is primarily responsible for power losses due to heating?
A. Resistance
B. Inductance
C. Capacitance
D. Conductance
A. Resistance. Resistance in conductors causes power losses due to the conversion of electrical energy into heat.
Question 6: How does inductance affect a transmission line?
A. It increases resistance
B. It causes voltage drop and reactive power flow
C. It reduces power losses
D. It enhances current flow
B. It causes voltage drop and reactive power flow. Inductance in transmission lines affects voltage regulation and reactive power management.
Question 7: What is the unit of capacitance in a transmission line?
A. Ohm
B. Henry
C. Farad
D. Siemens
C. Farad. Capacitance is measured in farads, representing the ability to store charge.
Question 8: Which transmission line parameter is directly related to dielectric losses?
A. Resistance
B. Inductance
C. Capacitance
D. Conductance
D. Conductance. Conductance represents dielectric losses in the insulation material of the transmission line.
Question 9: What is the typical unit for measuring the impedance of a transmission line?
A. Ohm
B. Farad
C. Henry
D. Siemens
A. Ohm. Impedance is measured in ohms and represents the combined effect of resistance and reactance in a transmission line.
Question 10: What is voltage regulation in a transmission line?
A. The ratio of sending end voltage to receiving end voltage
B. The difference between sending end voltage and receiving end voltage expressed as a percentage
C. The power loss due to resistance
D. The efficiency of power transmission
B. The difference between sending end voltage and receiving end voltage expressed as a percentage. Voltage regulation indicates how much the voltage drops along the transmission line.
Question 11: Which of the following factors contributes to line losses in a transmission line?
A. Conductor material
B. Line impedance
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
C. Both (a) and (b). Line losses depend on both the conductor material and line impedance.
Question 12: Which equivalent circuit model of a transmission line includes a series impedance and a shunt admittance?
A. Nominal π model
B. T model
C. L model
D. C model
A. Nominal π model. The nominal π model includes series impedance and shunt admittance to represent a transmission line.
Question 13: What is the primary benefit of using the T model for transmission line analysis?
A. Simplicity
B. Accuracy for short lines
C. Better representation of line inductance
D. Better representation of distributed parameters
D. Better representation of distributed parameters. The T model accurately represents the distributed nature of transmission line parameters.
Question 14: In power flow analysis, what does the term “sending end power” refer to?
A. Power delivered to the load
B. Power generated by the power plant
C. Power input to the transmission line
D. Power lost in transmission
C. Power input to the transmission line. Sending end power is the power input at the beginning of the transmission line.
Question 15: Which of the following losses is associated with high voltage and ionization of air in transmission lines?
A. Conductor loss
B. Corona loss
C. Dielectric loss
D. Eddy current loss
B. Corona loss. Corona loss occurs due to ionization of the air around high-voltage conductors.
Question 16: What is the main advantage of using underground transmission lines over overhead lines?
A. Lower cost
B. Easier maintenance
C. Aesthetic appeal and reduced environmental impact
D. Higher transmission efficiency
C. Aesthetic appeal and reduced environmental impact. Underground lines are less visually intrusive and have lower environmental impact.
Question 17: How is power transmission efficiency generally calculated?
A. (Power input / Power output) × 100%
B. (Power output / Power input) × 100%
C. (Line losses / Power input) × 100%
D. (Voltage drop / Line impedance) × 100%
B. (Power output / Power input) × 100%. Efficiency is calculated as the ratio of power output to power input, expressed as a percentage.
Question 18: What does the term “equivalent circuit” mean in the context of transmission lines?
A. A simplified representation of a complex electrical network
B. A real-time monitoring system
C. A circuit that produces equivalent power output
D. A parallel circuit for redundancy
A. A simplified representation of a complex electrical network. Equivalent circuits model the complex behavior of transmission lines using simpler components.
Question 19: Which parameter is NOT typically considered in the calculation of transmission line losses?
A. Conductor resistance
B. Corona discharge
C. Transformer efficiency
D. Skin effect
C. Transformer efficiency. Transmission line losses typically consider resistance, corona discharge, and the skin effect, but not transformer efficiency.
Question 20: Why is aluminium commonly used in transmission line conductors?
A. High tensile strength
B. High conductivity and lower cost compared to copper
C. Corrosion resistance
D. Low weight and ease of handling
B. High conductivity and lower cost compared to copper. Aluminium provides good conductivity at a lower cost, making it a popular choice for conductors.
Question 21: What is the role of the ground wire in an overhead transmission line?
A. To carry current
B. To provide a return path for the current
C. To protect against lightning strikes
D. To increase capacitance
C. To protect against lightning strikes. Ground wires protect the line from lightning by providing a path to ground.
Question 22: What is meant by “power factor” in the context of power transmission?
A. The ratio of real power to apparent power
B. The efficiency of a power plant
C. The total power generated
D. The voltage drop along a transmission line
A. The ratio of real power to apparent power. Power factor measures how effectively the current is being converted into useful work output.
Question 23: Which type of transmission line loss is primarily caused by the frequency of the current?
A. Conductor loss
B. Corona loss
C. Dielectric loss
D. Skin effect loss
D. Skin effect loss. Skin effect loss increases with the frequency of the current, causing more current to flow near the surface of the conductor.
Question 24: What is the significance of a transmission line’s characteristic impedance?
A. It determines the line’s current-carrying capacity
B. It affects the voltage regulation
C. It influences the power transfer capability and reflection coefficients
D. It is used to calculate conductor size
C. It influences the power transfer capability and reflection coefficients. Characteristic impedance is crucial for matching and minimizing reflections in transmission lines.
Question 25: What is one common method for reducing transmission line losses?
A. Increasing the line length
B. Increasing the conductor diameter
C. Reducing the voltage level
D. Decreasing the load demand
B. Increasing the conductor diameter. Larger conductor diameters reduce resistance and, consequently, power losses.
Question 26: Which type of distribution system has a single path for electrical power to flow from the substation to the consumers?
A. Radial
B. Ring main
C. Looped
D. Mesh
A. Radial. In a radial distribution system, power flows in a single path from the substation to the consumers.
Question 27: What is a primary advantage of a ring main distribution system?
A. Lower cost
B. Simplified design
C. Improved reliability and flexibility
D. Easier fault detection
C. Improved reliability and flexibility. A ring main system can supply power from multiple directions, enhancing reliability and flexibility.
Question 28: Which type of distribution system is characterized by multiple interconnections between substations and feeders?
A. Radial
B. Ring main
C. Looped
D. Star
C. Looped. A looped distribution system has multiple interconnections, providing alternate paths for power flow.
Question 29: What is the function of a step-down distribution substation?
A. To increase voltage levels
B. To decrease voltage levels
C. To generate electricity
D. To store electrical energy
B. To decrease voltage levels. Step-down substations reduce the high transmission voltage to lower levels suitable for distribution.
Question 30: Which component in a single line diagram of a distribution substation represents the main incoming and outgoing circuits?
A. Transformer
B. Busbar
C. Circuit breaker
D. Feeder
B. Busbar. Busbars represent the main points where incoming and outgoing circuits are connected in a single line diagram.
Question 31: What voltage levels are typically classified as low voltage (LV) in distribution systems?
A. Below 1 kV
B. Between 1 kV and 33 kV
C. Between 33 kV and 132 kV
D. Above 132 kV
A. Below 1 kV. Low voltage (LV) systems typically operate at voltages below 1 kV.
Question 32: What are the voltage levels classified as medium voltage (MV) in distribution systems?
A. Below 1 kV
B. Between 1 kV and 33 kV
C. Between 33 kV and 132 kV
D. Above 132 kV
B. Between 1 kV and 33 kV. Medium voltage (MV) systems typically operate between 1 kV and 33 kV.
Question 33: Which voltage level is considered high voltage (HV) in distribution systems?
A. Below 1 kV
B. Between 1 kV and 33 kV
C. Between 33 kV and 132 kV
D. Above 132 kV
C. Between 33 kV and 132 kV. High voltage (HV) systems typically operate between 33 kV and 132 kV.
Question 34: What is a primary characteristic of a radial distribution feeder?
A. Multiple power sources
B. Single power path with no loops
C. Interconnected loops
D. Redundant paths
B. Single power path with no loops. A radial feeder has a single path for power to flow, without any loops.
Question 35: How do voltage drops typically occur in a distribution feeder?
A. Due to transformers only
B. Because of impedance in the conductors
C. Only at the substation
D. Due to power factor correction devices
B. Because of impedance in the conductors. Voltage drops occur due to the impedance of the conductors in the feeder.
Question 36: What is the primary function of a fuse in a distribution system?
A. To switch the circuit on and off
B. To protect the circuit from overcurrent
C. To measure voltage levels
D. To regulate power flow
B. To protect the circuit from overcurrent. Fuses protect electrical circuits by breaking the connection when excessive current flows through them.
Question 37: Which device in a distribution system is designed to automatically restore power after a temporary fault?
A. Fuse
B. Circuit breaker
C. Recloser
D. Surge protector
C. Recloser. Reclosers automatically restore power after temporary faults by resetting themselves.
Question 38: What is the role of a circuit breaker in a distribution system?
A. To continuously regulate voltage
B. To measure current flow
C. To protect the system by interrupting fault currents
D. To provide a constant power supply
C. To protect the system by interrupting fault currents. Circuit breakers interrupt fault currents to protect the electrical system from damage.
Question 39: Which type of distribution substation is typically used to feed power directly to consumers?
A. Step-up substation
B. Transmission substation
C. Feeder substation
D. Generation substation
C. Feeder substation. Feeder substations distribute power directly to consumers through feeders.
Question 40: What is the primary reason for voltage drops in a radial distribution feeder?
A. High transformer efficiency
B. Impedance of the conductors
C. Lack of protection devices
D. Excessive power generation
B. Impedance of the conductors. Voltage drops in a radial feeder are primarily due to the impedance of the conductors.
Question 41: What is a benefit of using a looped distribution feeder over a radial feeder?
A. Simpler design
B. Higher efficiency
C. Increased reliability and fault tolerance
D. Lower cost
C. Increased reliability and fault tolerance. Looped feeders provide alternative paths for power flow, improving reliability and fault tolerance.
Question 42: What does LV stand for in the context of distribution systems?
A. Light Voltage
B. Low Voltage
C. Linear Voltage
D. Load Voltage
B. Low Voltage. LV stands for Low Voltage, typically referring to voltages below 1 kV.
Question 43: What device is used to protect distribution systems from lightning strikes and other high voltage surges?
A. Circuit breaker
B. Recloser
C. Fuse
D. Surge arrester
D. Surge arrester. Surge arresters protect distribution systems from lightning strikes and high voltage surges.
Question 44: In which type of distribution system are consumers fed from two different directions, increasing reliability?
A. Radial
B. Ring main
C. Looped
D. Grid
B. Ring main. In a ring main system, consumers can be fed from two different directions, enhancing reliability.
Question 45: What is the main purpose of a feeder in a distribution system?
A. To generate power
B. To distribute power from substations to consumers
C. To step up voltage
D. To protect against faults
B. To distribute power from substations to consumers. Feeders distribute electrical power from substations to the end consumers.
Question 46: Which device automatically isolates a faulty section of the distribution system to prevent damage and outages?
A. Fuse
B. Circuit breaker
C. Recloser
D. Load break switch
B. Circuit breaker. Circuit breakers isolate faulty sections to prevent system damage and outages.
Question 47: What type of substation typically lowers the high transmission voltage to medium voltage levels for distribution?
A. Step-up substation
B. Feeder substation
C. Step-down substation
D. Transmission substation
C. Step-down substation. Step-down substations lower high transmission voltages to levels suitable for distribution.
Question 48: Why are reclosers particularly useful in rural distribution systems?
A. They reduce voltage drops
B. They automatically restore power after temporary faults
C. They provide power factor correction
D. They increase load capacity
B. They automatically restore power after temporary faults. Reclosers are useful in rural systems to automatically restore power after temporary faults, reducing downtime.
Question 49: What is the main advantage of using medium voltage (MV) in distribution systems?
A. Higher transmission efficiency
B. Lower cost of infrastructure
C. Reduced power losses
D. Easier maintenance
C. Reduced power losses. Medium voltage reduces power losses compared to low voltage distribution.
Question 50: What does the single line diagram of a distribution substation typically include?
A. Detailed wiring diagrams
B. Simplified representation of major electrical components
C. Geographic location of components
D. Mechanical drawings of equipment
B. Simplified representation of major electrical components. Single line diagrams provide a simplified view of the main electrical components and their connections.
Question 51: Why is protection important in power systems?
A. To increase power generation
B. To prevent electrical faults and equipment damage
C. To reduce voltage levels
D. To enhance power transmission efficiency
B. To prevent electrical faults and equipment damage. Protection systems are crucial for preventing faults and minimizing damage to electrical equipment.
Question 52: Which type of fault involves all three phases short-circuited together?
A. L-G fault
B. L-L fault
C. L-L-L fault
D. L-L-G fault
C. L-L-L fault. A three-phase fault (L-L-L) involves short-circuiting all three phases together.
Question 53: What is an example of an unsymmetrical fault in a power system?
A. L-L fault
B. L-L-L fault
C. L-G fault
D. Symmetrical fault
C. L-G fault. An L-G (line-to-ground) fault is an example of an unsymmetrical fault.
Question 54: Which protective relay is used to detect overcurrent conditions in a power system?
A. Distance relay
B. Differential relay
C. Overcurrent relay
D. Under-voltage relay
C. Overcurrent relay. Overcurrent relays detect and respond to excessive current flow in the power system.
Question 55: What type of relay provides protection against overload conditions?
A. Overcurrent relay
B. Differential relay
C. Distance relay
D. Overload relay
D. Overload relay. Overload relays protect equipment from damage due to prolonged overcurrent conditions.
Question 56: Which type of protective relay compares the current entering and leaving a protected zone?
A. Overcurrent relay
B. Differential relay
C. Distance relay
D. Under-voltage relay
B. Differential relay. Differential relays compare the current at two points to detect faults within a protected zone.
Question 57: What is the primary function of a distance relay?
A. To measure voltage levels
B. To detect faults based on impedance
C. To regulate power flow
D. To monitor circuit breaker status
B. To detect faults based on impedance. Distance relays protect lines by measuring impedance to identify the location of faults.
Question 58: How does an air blast circuit breaker operate?
A. By using high-pressure air to extinguish the arc
B. By using oil to quench the arc
C. By using SF6 gas to suppress the arc
D. By using vacuum to interrupt the arc
A. By using high-pressure air to extinguish the arc. Air blast circuit breakers use high-pressure air to blow out the arc during a fault.
Question 59: Which type of circuit breaker uses SF6 gas as an insulating and arc-quenching medium?
A. Air blast circuit breaker
B. Oil circuit breaker
C. Vacuum circuit breaker
D. SF6 circuit breaker
D. SF6 circuit breaker. SF6 circuit breakers use sulfur hexafluoride gas for insulation and arc suppression.
Question 60: What is the main characteristic of High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) fuses?
A. They can only be used once
B. They have a low breaking capacity
C. They can interrupt high fault currents without being destroyed
D. They are used for low voltage applications only
C. They can interrupt high fault currents without being destroyed. HRC fuses are designed to handle high fault currents and remain intact.
Question 61: What type of fault is characterized by a short circuit between two phases?
A. L-G fault
B. L-L fault
C. L-L-L fault
D. L-L-G fault
B. L-L fault. A line-to-line (L-L) fault involves a short circuit between two phases.
Question 62: Which protective device is typically used for low voltage applications to protect against short circuits and overloads?
A. Circuit breaker
B. Recloser
C. Fuse
D. Surge arrester
C. Fuse. Fuses are commonly used in low voltage applications to protect against short circuits and overloads.
Question 63: What is a characteristic feature of an overload relay?
A. Immediate tripping during short circuits
B. Time-delayed response to overcurrent conditions
C. High-speed operation
D. Use of air blast for arc quenching
B. Time-delayed response to overcurrent conditions. Overload relays have a time delay to respond to overcurrent conditions, allowing for temporary overloads.
Question 64: Which type of circuit breaker is known for using a vacuum to interrupt the arc?
A. Air blast circuit breaker
B. Oil circuit breaker
C. Vacuum circuit breaker
D. SF6 circuit breaker
C. Vacuum circuit breaker. Vacuum circuit breakers use a vacuum to extinguish the arc.
Question 65: What type of relay is commonly used to protect transformers from internal faults?
A. Overcurrent relay
B. Differential relay
C. Distance relay
D. Overload relay
B. Differential relay. Differential relays protect transformers by detecting differences in current between the input and output.
Question 66: Which type of fuse is typically used for protecting electric motors?
A. HRC fuse
B. L fuse
C. Cartridge fuse
D. Rewirable fuse
A. HRC fuse. High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) fuses are used to protect electric motors from high fault currents.
Question 67: What is the purpose of an under-voltage relay in a power system?
A. To detect and respond to low voltage conditions
B. To protect against overcurrent
C. To measure power factor
D. To monitor circuit breaker operation
A. To detect and respond to low voltage conditions. Under-voltage relays detect low voltage situations and initiate corrective actions.
Question 68: How do SF6 circuit breakers extinguish arcs?
A. By using high-pressure air
B. By using an oil-filled chamber
C. By using sulfur hexafluoride gas
D. By creating a vacuum
C. By using sulfur hexafluoride gas. SF6 circuit breakers use sulfur hexafluoride gas to extinguish arcs.
Question 69: Which fault is typically the most severe in a power system?
A. L-G fault
B. L-L fault
C. L-L-L fault
D. L-L-G fault
C. L-L-L fault. A three-phase fault (L-L-L) is the most severe type of fault in a power system.
Question 70: What type of protection device can automatically reset itself after clearing a fault?
A. Fuse
B. Circuit breaker
C. Recloser
D. Surge arrester
C. Recloser. Reclosers can automatically reset themselves after clearing a temporary fault.
Question 71: What is a characteristic of low-voltage (L) fuses?
A. High breaking capacity
B. Used for high voltage applications
C. Limited breaking capacity
D. Used for motor protection
C. Limited breaking capacity. Low-voltage (L) fuses have a limited breaking capacity and are used in low voltage applications.
Question 72: Which relay operates based on the principle of comparing the phase angle between the voltage and current?
A. Overcurrent relay
B. Differential relay
C. Distance relay
D. Power factor relay
C. Distance relay. Distance relays operate based on the impedance, which involves comparing the phase angle between voltage and current.
Question 73: What is the function of a recloser in a power distribution system?
A. To permanently isolate faults
B. To automatically restore power after a temporary fault
C. To measure electrical parameters
D. To control power flow
B. To automatically restore power after a temporary fault. Reclosers restore power automatically after clearing temporary faults.
Question 74: How do differential relays enhance the protection of electrical equipment?
A. By responding to overvoltage conditions
B. By comparing input and output currents to detect internal faults
C. By measuring power flow
D. By monitoring temperature
B. By comparing input and output currents to detect internal faults. Differential relays protect equipment by detecting differences in input and output currents.
Question 75: What type of circuit breaker uses oil to quench the arc during fault conditions?
A. Air blast circuit breaker
B. Oil circuit breaker
C. Vacuum circuit breaker
D. SF6 circuit breaker
B. Oil circuit breaker. Oil circuit breakers use oil to extinguish arcs during fault conditions.
Question 76: What are the two main types of substations based on their insulation?
A. Air insulated and water insulated
B. Gas insulated and water insulated
C. Air insulated and gas insulated
D. Oil insulated and water insulated
C. Air insulated and gas insulated. Substations are primarily classified into air insulated and gas insulated types based on their insulation.
Question 77: Which component in a substation is used to connect multiple incoming and outgoing circuits?
A. Transformer
B. Circuit breaker
C. Busbar
D. Isolator
C. Busbar. Busbars are used in substations to connect multiple incoming and outgoing circuits.
Question 78: What is the primary function of transformers in substations?
A. To measure voltage and current
B. To connect multiple circuits
C. To step up or step down voltage levels
D. To isolate electrical faults
C. To step up or step down voltage levels. Transformers in substations are used to change the voltage levels as required.
Question 79: Which device in a substation is responsible for interrupting current flow during faults?
A. Transformer
B. Circuit breaker
C. Busbar
D. Relay
B. Circuit breaker. Circuit breakers are used to interrupt current flow during faults in substations.
Question 80: What is the purpose of isolators in substations?
A. To measure electrical parameters
B. To step up voltage levels
C. To safely isolate sections of the circuit for maintenance
D. To quench electrical arcs
C. To safely isolate sections of the circuit for maintenance. Isolators are used to disconnect parts of the circuit for safe maintenance operations.
Question 81: What type of substation is primarily used to transfer electricity from high-voltage transmission lines to lower-voltage distribution lines?
A. Generation substation
B. Transmission substation
C. Distribution substation
D. Switching substation
C. Distribution substation. Distribution substations transfer electricity from high-voltage transmission lines to lower-voltage distribution lines.
Question 82: What is the main function of a transmission substation?
A. To generate electricity
B. To distribute power to end users
C. To connect different parts of the transmission network
D. To provide backup power
C. To connect different parts of the transmission network. Transmission substations connect different parts of the transmission network.
Question 83: Why is grounding important in substations?
A. To increase voltage levels
B. To prevent overloads
C. To ensure safety by dissipating fault currents
D. To regulate power flow
C. To ensure safety by dissipating fault currents. Grounding dissipates fault currents to the earth, ensuring safety in substations.
Question 84: Which grounding method involves connecting the grounding system to the earth without any intentional isolation?
A. Isolated grounding
B. Non-isolated grounding
C. Capacitive grounding
D. Inductive grounding
B. Non-isolated grounding. Non-isolated grounding involves a direct connection to the earth without any intentional isolation.
Question 85: What is the primary advantage of gas insulated substations (GIS) over air insulated substations (AIS)?
A. Lower cost
B. Smaller footprint and higher reliability
C. Easier maintenance
D. Higher capacity
B. Smaller footprint and higher reliability. Gas insulated substations (GIS) have a smaller footprint and offer higher reliability compared to air insulated substations (AIS).
Question 86: What type of substation layout includes components such as transformers, circuit breakers, and busbars?
A. Generation substation layout
B. Distribution substation layout
C. Substation single line diagram
D. Substation general layout
D. Substation general layout. A substation general layout includes components like transformers, circuit breakers, and busbars.
Question 87: Which type of substation is used to adjust voltage levels between long-distance transmission lines and local distribution networks?
A. Switching substation
B. Generation substation
C. Transmission substation
D. Converter substation
C. Transmission substation. Transmission substations adjust voltage levels between long-distance transmission lines and local distribution networks.
Question 88: What is a key feature of isolated grounding in substations?
A. Direct connection to the earth
B. No connection to any electrical circuits
C. Intentional isolation from other grounding systems
D. Use of capacitive coupling
C. Intentional isolation from other grounding systems. Isolated grounding involves intentional isolation from other grounding systems to prevent interference.
Question 89: In substation layouts, what is the role of circuit breakers?
A. To measure electrical energy
B. To step up voltage levels
C. To interrupt current flow during faults
D. To connect multiple circuits
C. To interrupt current flow during faults. Circuit breakers in substations interrupt current flow during faults to protect the system.
Question 90: What type of substation handles the conversion of high-voltage AC power to high-voltage DC power for long-distance transmission?
A. Distribution substation
B. Generation substation
C. HVDC converter substation
D. Switching substation
C. HVDC converter substation. HVDC converter substations handle the conversion of high-voltage AC power to high-voltage DC power for long-distance transmission.
Question 91: What is the primary function of Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) in power systems?
A. To control the frequency of the power supply
B. To maintain constant voltage levels
C. To manage power outages
D. To regulate load distribution
B. To maintain constant voltage levels. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) ensures that the voltage levels in the power system remain constant.
Question 92: Which control system is responsible for maintaining the balance between power generation and load demand?
A. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR)
B. Load Frequency Control (LFC)
C. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
D. Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
D. Automatic Generation Control (AGC). Automatic Generation Control (AGC) maintains the balance between power generation and load demand.
Question 93: What does Load Frequency Control (LFC) primarily regulate in a power system?
A. Voltage levels
B. Power outages
C. Frequency and load balance
D. Data acquisition
C. Frequency and load balance. Load Frequency Control (LFC) regulates the frequency and load balance in a power system.
Question 94: Which system uses real-time data to monitor and control power systems?
A. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR)
B. Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
C. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
D. Load Frequency Control (LFC)
C. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). SCADA systems use real-time data to monitor and control power systems.
Question 95: How does Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR) improve power system stability?
A. By adjusting generation schedules
B. By controlling the load demand
C. By maintaining steady voltage levels
D. By disconnecting faulty circuits
C. By maintaining steady voltage levels. AVR improves power system stability by ensuring voltage levels remain steady.
Question 96: Which component is essential in Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for frequency regulation?
A. Transformers
B. Circuit breakers
C. Generators
D. Relays
C. Generators. Generators are essential in AGC for regulating frequency by adjusting their output.
Question 97: What is a primary benefit of Load Frequency Control (LFC) in interconnected power systems?
A. Reduced voltage fluctuations
B. Enhanced data acquisition
C. Synchronized frequency across areas
D. Improved power factor
C. Synchronized frequency across areas. LFC helps maintain synchronized frequency across interconnected power systems.
Question 98: Which system is critical for providing operators with remote control and monitoring capabilities?
A. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR)
B. Load Frequency Control (LFC)
C. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
D. Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
C. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). SCADA systems provide operators with remote control and monitoring capabilities.
Question 99: In power system control, what is the role of SCADA systems?
A. To regulate voltage levels
B. To provide real-time monitoring and control
C. To manage power generation
D. To balance load frequency
B. To provide real-time monitoring and control. SCADA systems play a crucial role in providing real-time monitoring and control of power systems.
Question 100: Which control mechanism ensures that the total power generation matches the total load demand plus losses?
A. Automatic Voltage Regulation (AVR)
B. Load Frequency Control (LFC)
C. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
D. Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
D. Automatic Generation Control (AGC). AGC ensures that the total power generation matches the total load demand plus losses.
