100 Cyber Security MCQs – Best 100 MCQs

B. To protect information and systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction. Cyber Security aims to safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and systems.

D. Authenticity. The CIA Triad focuses on Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability. Authenticity, while important, is not part of the core triad.

B. A potential danger that can exploit a vulnerability to breach security and cause harm. A cyber threat represents a potential danger that could exploit vulnerabilities to compromise security.

B. Because cyber attacks are becoming more sophisticated and frequent, and can cause significant financial and reputational damage. Cyber attacks are on the rise, and their potential impact necessitates robust Cyber Security measures.

B. Ransomware. Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts files and demands payment for their release.

C. A fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details, by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity. Phishing relies on deception to trick users into revealing sensitive information.

A. Denial of Service (DoS) Attack. DoS attacks disrupt services by flooding a target with traffic or requests.

A. Intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. MitM attacks position the attacker in the middle of a communication channel, allowing them to eavesdrop or manipulate data.

B. Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). XSS attacks exploit vulnerabilities in web applications to execute malicious scripts in users’ browsers.

B. An attack that exploits a previously unknown vulnerability. Zero-day attacks are particularly dangerous because there’s no known patch or defense available.

D. Encryption. Encryption is a security measure, not a social engineering technique.

A. A DoS attack uses a single source, while a DDoS attack uses multiple sources. DDoS attacks are distributed, making them harder to defend against.

B. To protect data confidentiality and integrity. Cryptography uses encryption and decryption to secure data.

A. Symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption uses a shared secret key.

C. To create a unique fingerprint of data. Hash functions produce a fixed-size output (hash) from any input data.

C. It provides a secure way to exchange keys. Asymmetric encryption uses a pair of keys (public and private) for secure key exchange.

A. To manage and distribute digital certificates. PKI provides a framework for managing digital certificates used for authentication and encryption.

A. To prevent unauthorized access to a network. Firewalls act as a barrier between trusted and untrusted networks.

D. Firewall-based IDS/IPS. Firewalls are separate network security devices, not a type of IDS/IPS.

A. To create a secure connection over a public network. VPNs create encrypted tunnels for secure communication over the internet.

A. Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security. SSL and TLS are cryptographic protocols used to secure communication over networks.

A. To divide a network into smaller, isolated segments to improve security and performance. Network segmentation limits the impact of a breach by containing it to a smaller area.

B. To configure it securely by disabling unnecessary services, applying updates, and implementing strong access controls. Hardening reduces the attack surface of an operating system.

A. To keep software up-to-date and address security vulnerabilities. Patch management is crucial for fixing security flaws in software.

C. Sharing passwords with colleagues. Sharing passwords compromises security and should be avoided.

A. To ensure that systems and applications are configured in accordance with security best practices. Secure configuration helps minimize vulnerabilities and protect against attacks.

A. To track user activity and identify potential security incidents. Logs provide valuable information for security monitoring and incident response.

A. Buffer overflow. Buffer overflows can be exploited to execute malicious code.

A. Granting users only the minimum level of access necessary to perform their job functions. The principle of least privilege helps limit the potential damage from a compromised account.

C. Increased complexity. Hardening can sometimes increase complexity, but the security benefits outweigh this drawback.

A. To collect, store, and analyze security logs from various sources. SIEM systems centralize log data for threat detection and incident response.

D. Data encryption. Data encryption is a separate security measure, not a core component of SIEM.

A. By providing real-time alerts and enabling faster identification and containment of security incidents. SIEM facilitates incident response by providing timely information and context.

A. To identify weaknesses in systems and applications. Vulnerability scanners automate the process of finding security flaws.

A. A vulnerability scan only identifies vulnerabilities, while a penetration test attempts to exploit them. Penetration testing goes beyond identification to actively try to exploit vulnerabilities.

D. Patch management. Patch management is a separate security process, not part of penetration testing.

A. To simulate real-world attacks and identify vulnerabilities before malicious hackers can exploit them. Ethical hackers use their skills for good to improve security.

A. It compares files against a database of known malware signatures. Signature-based detection is effective against known threats but can miss new malware.

A. It analyzes file behavior to detect suspicious activity that may indicate malware, even if it doesn’t match a known signature. Heuristic detection helps identify new or unknown malware.

A. To continuously monitor system activity and block threats as they occur. Real-time protection provides proactive defense against malware.

A. Security measures implemented on individual devices, such as laptops, desktops, and mobile devices, to protect them from threats. Endpoint security focuses on protecting individual devices from attacks.

A. To prevent sensitive data from being lost or leaked. DLP solutions help organizations control and protect their sensitive information.

C. Firewall. While some antivirus suites may include a firewall, it’s not a core feature of all antivirus software.

A. When a legitimate file is incorrectly identified as malware. False positives can be disruptive, but they’re preferable to false negatives.

A. To ensure it has the latest malware definitions and can detect new threats. Regular updates are essential for effective antivirus protection.

A. Identifying assets and threats. Identifying assets and threats is the foundation of risk assessment.

A. A weakness in a system that can be exploited by a threat. Vulnerabilities create opportunities for threats to cause harm.

A. Risk = Threat x Vulnerability x Impact. This formula helps quantify the potential impact of a risk.

A. To reduce or eliminate risks. Security controls are measures implemented to protect against threats.

D. Environmental. Environmental controls are not typically considered a category of security controls.

A. To educate users about security best practices and help them recognize and avoid threats. User education is a critical component of a strong security posture.

A. Identification. Identifying an incident is the initial step in the response process.

A. To limit the spread of an incident and prevent further damage. Containment aims to isolate the incident and minimize its impact.

A. The process of removing the cause of an incident and restoring systems to their normal state. Eradication focuses on eliminating the threat and restoring normal operations.

A. To restore systems and data to their pre-incident state. Recovery aims to bring affected systems back online and ensure data integrity.

A. To identify areas for improvement and enhance future response capabilities. Lessons learned help organizations refine their incident response processes.

D. Sales Representative. Sales representatives are not typically involved in incident response.

A. A framework that defines the security responsibilities of the cloud provider and the cloud customer. The Shared Responsibility Model clarifies who is responsible for which security aspects in the cloud.

D. All of the above. Cloud computing introduces unique security challenges that organizations need to address.

D. All of the above. A combination of security measures is necessary to protect data in the cloud.

D. All of the above. IoT devices often have inherent security vulnerabilities.

D. All of the above. Multiple authentication methods can be used to verify the identity of IoT devices.

A. To identify and address security weaknesses in IoT devices. IoT devices require ongoing vulnerability management due to their potential security risks.

A. To analyze large volumes of data and identify patterns indicative of malicious activity. AI and ML can improve threat detection capabilities by analyzing vast amounts of data.

A. The process of identifying unusual or unexpected behavior that may indicate a security threat. Anomaly detection can help uncover hidden threats that traditional security measures might miss.

A. To automate certain tasks, such as triage and initial investigation. AI and ML can augment human capabilities and improve incident response efficiency.

D. All of the above. AI and ML offer several advantages for enhancing Cyber Security.

D. All of the above. AI and ML systems are not foolproof and can face various challenges.

A. An attempt to deceive or manipulate an AI/ML model by providing it with malicious input. Adversarial attacks aim to exploit vulnerabilities in AI/ML systems.

A. It can lead to inaccurate or discriminatory results, potentially missing threats or generating false positives. Bias in algorithms can undermine the effectiveness of AI/ML-based security solutions.

A. The difficulty in understanding how an AI/ML model arrives at its decisions. The lack of explainability can make it challenging to trust and troubleshoot AI/ML systems.

D. All of the above. AI and ML are already being used in various Cyber Security applications.

A. To safeguard individuals’ personal information and control how it is collected, used, and shared. Data protection laws aim to ensure the privacy and security of personal data.

D. All of the above. Cybercrimes encompass a wide range of illegal activities conducted online.

A. Original creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols. Intellectual property laws grant creators exclusive rights to their works.

A. The practice of testing a system or network for vulnerabilities with the owner’s permission. Ethical hackers help organizations improve their security by identifying weaknesses.

A. The process of reporting vulnerabilities to the affected organization in a responsible manner, allowing them time to fix the issue before making it public. Responsible disclosure helps prevent malicious exploitation of vulnerabilities.

A. A program that rewards individuals for discovering and reporting vulnerabilities to an organization. Bug bounty programs incentivize responsible disclosure and help organizations find and fix security flaws.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security practices can impact individual privacy in various ways.

D. All of the above. Cyber attacks can have serious consequences for individuals.

D. All of the above. Cyber attacks can have far-reaching societal implications.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security research and development raises important ethical questions.

A. The gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not. The digital divide can create inequalities in access to information and opportunities.

A. By limiting access to information and opportunities for those without adequate security measures. Cyber Security can inadvertently exacerbate existing social inequalities.

A. To guide decision-making and ensure responsible behavior. Ethics provide a moral compass for navigating complex Cyber Security issues.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security professionals often face difficult ethical choices.

A. To build trust and enable informed decision-making. Transparency is essential for fostering trust and accountability in Cyber Security.

C. Both A and B. Cyber Security can both positively and negatively impact human rights.

A. To address global threats and promote shared responsibility. International cooperation is crucial for tackling cross-border cyber threats.

D. All of the above. Everyone has a role to play in improving Cyber Security.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security will likely shape the future of work in various ways.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security is vital for national security in the digital age.

D. All of the above. Education is essential for building a strong Cyber Security workforce and culture.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security is a key enabler of economic development.

C. Both A and B. Cyber Security can both challenge and strengthen international relations.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security is crucial for preserving democratic values and institutions.

C. Both A and B. Cyber Security can contribute to environmental protection in various ways.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security is essential for safeguarding patient safety and maintaining trust in the healthcare system.

D. All of the above. Cyber Security is crucial for supporting education in the digital age.

A. It will continue to evolve and adapt to new threats and technologies. Cyber Security will remain a critical field as technology continues to advance and new threats emerge.